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Definition of communicable diseases
Infections disease that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another by direct or indirect contact or by vectors
Chain of infection
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Primary prevention of disease can be achieved through
immunizations
Control Spread of disease to others
-reduce risk of cross-contamination
-infection control policies
-handwashing
Prodromal symptoms
symptoms that occur between early manifestations of the disease and its overt clinical syndrome
Important assessment points for communicable disease
-recent exposure
-prodromal symptoms
-immunization hx
-hx of having the disease
Subcutaneous immunizations
MMR, varicella
IM immunizations
Flu
How should varicella be stored?
in the freezer
Contraindications for immunization
anaphylactic or systemic allergic reaction to a vaccine component
pertussis vaccine- ecephalopathy without an identified cause within 7 days of immunization
When should vaccines be postponed?
-Severe illness with high fever
-Immunosuppresion
-Recently received blood products
Should vaccination be postponed because of a minor resp. illness or low-grade fever?
NOPE!
Polio should not be administered if
hypersensitivity/allergy to "mycins"
If you are allergic to ____ you should not receive the flu vaccine
Eggs
Varicella (chicken pox)
-occurs primarily in child under 15
-leaves threat of herpes zoster (shingles)
-2 vaccines recommended
Erythema Infectiosum
*Fifth Disease
-Human parovirus
-"Slapped face" appearance goes away in 1-4 days
-Maculopapular rash for 7 days
-Rash subsides but reappears if irritated or trauma by heat, cold, friction
How is Erythema Infectiosum spread?
Spread through resp. secretions and blood
Erythema Infectiosum is dangerous in the _____ trimester
2nd
Roseola

Agent, Incubation, Also known as?
-human herpes virus type 6
-5-15 days
-"3 day Measles"
S/S of Roseola
-Persistent high fever for 3-4 days
-After fever subsides, rash appears
-Rash first on trunk, then face and extremities
Rubeola (Measles)

Agent and transmission
-Virus
-Spread through secretions, droplet transmission
Rubeola (Measles)

Incubation Period
-10-20 days
-Communicable from 4 days before to 5 days after rash
-Koplik's spots appear 2 days before rash
Mumps

Agent, Transmission, Incubation
-Paramyxovirus
-Transmitted via droplet/direct contact
-Incubation 14-21 days
S/S of Mumps
-Fever, headache, malaise, followed by parotitis
-May cause orchitis and meningeoencephalitis
Biggest concern regarding mumps
AIRWAY!!
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Agent, Transmission, Incubation
-Bordetella pertussis
-Droplet/Direct Contact
-Incubation is 6-20 days
-HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
S/S of Pertussis
-Short, rapid coughs followed by crowing or "whoop" sound
-Complications: pneumonia (usual cause of death)
When is does the highest incidence of Pertussis occur?
In spring and summer
Rubella (German Measles)

Agent, Transmission, Incubation
-Rubella Virus
-direct or indirect contact with article freshly contaminated with snot, blood, stool, urine
-Incubation period from 14-21 days
Complications of Rubella
rare, greatest danger is teratogenic effect on fetus
What usually preceeds Scarlet fever?
Strept infection (i.e. strept throat)
Scarlet Fever

Agent, Transmission, Incubation
-hemolytic streptococci
-droplet or direct contact
-Incubation 1-7 days
Complications of Scarlet Fever
carditis, peritonsillar abscess, glomerulonephritis
Rickettsiae
Rocky mountain spotted fever transmitted by infected fleas, ticks, and mites
Lyme disease
-most common tick-borne disorder in the US
-Vaccine against Lyme disease taken off market
-Antibiotics to treat
Tuberculosis

Agent and Transmission
-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human and bovine varieties
-Airborne
Tuberculosis S/S
Cough, fatigue, night sweats
Diagnostic tests for TB
PPD, Chest X-Ray to confirm
The portal of entry for TB is
the airway
Is TB a reportable disease
Yes-Sir-E-BoB!

:-)
Recommended procedure for TB is _____ test
Mantoux
Therapeutic Mgmt of TB
-INH, Rifampin, PZA 6 month regimen
-Multidrug resistant: streptomycin IM
-Prophylaxis for high risk pt.: INH 9-12 months
Infectious mononucleosis is preceded by
recent exposure to Epstein-Barr virus
How is infectious mononucleosis spread?
Spread through saliva, sexually
Nursing care for mononucleosis
-Airway
-Swallowing
-Nutrition
-Do not play sports
-Spleen may be enlarged
If recently exposed to hepatitis virus, what can be given and in what time frame?
Hepatitis immune globulin if less than 2 wks has passed since exposure