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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the four major respiratory centers in the brainstem, comparing and contrasting their locations and hypothesized roles in respiratory control
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1. medullary respiratory center- reticular formation has a dorsal respiratory groups (DRG) (inspiration) and ventral respiratory group (VRG) (insp/ex)
2. Pontine respiratory group (PRG): i. apneustic center- lower pons ii. pneumotaxic center- upper pons 4. Pre-botzinger complex- in between Botzinger complex and VRG |
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Explain the role of the DRG... what group is it a part of?
Explain the role of the VRG... what group is it a part of? |
DRG is one of two groups of medullary respiratory center
- 95% neurons are pre-motor sending sensory to phrenic nerve activation VRG- rostral pre-motor to phrenic or upper airway muscles (inspiratory) Caudal group pre-moor to upperairways, and other muscles of expiration |
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Explain the role of the pre-botzinger complex... what group is it a part of?
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Site to be which generates the timing (f or frequency) of respiratory rhythm
- thought to be part of brain in early development similar to SA node (random depolarization)- |
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which Site is thought to be the main generator of the timing (f or frequency) of respiratory rhythm
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Pre-botzinger complex
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Explain the role of the PRG (pontine respiratory group... what group is it a part of?
Compare apneusis to apnea... What is the PRG also known as? |
PRG- determines length of inspiration and therefore has role in frequency control
apneusis center- extra breath time (holding breath) if PRG has lesion has prolonged inspiratory gasp (apneusis) apnea= not breating PRG also known as pontine pneumotaxic center |
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Describe physiological changes from fetus to adult in regards to chemoreceptors and breathing
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As maturation occurs develop ways to not shut down during hypoxic periods, brain becomes responsive to chemoreceptors
- pre botzinger previously was clock |
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Compare and contrast the central and peripheral chemoreceptors
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They have different but complimentary role in ventilation
central- located in the ventral brain stem, indirectly sensitive to CO2 in blood peripheral- carotid body and aorta |
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Explain central chemoreceptor's role in sensing stuff
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CO2 crosses BBB, and reacts with water (carbonic anhydrase) and H ion activates receptors
- Increase CO2 and H simulate breathing, and decreases in each decreases breathing - |
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Explain peripheral chemoreceptor's role in sensing stuff in regards to ...
a. O2 dropped b. tidal volume c. Ve d. increases in O2 |
- dopamine in carotid body
- sensitive to O2, CO2, H a. as O2 drops increase firing rate (f.r.) b. tidal volume increases c. increases (minute ventilation) d. increases firing rate |
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What role do pulmonary stretch receptors have in breathing control?
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when lungs stretch they produce reflex and decrease breathing frequency (inhibit inspiration and prolong expiration)
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What are the two mechanoreceptors involved in protecting the gas exchange surfaces?
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1. rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors- sensitive to irritation, foreign bodies, fibers travel to brain in vagus nerve cause cough
2. juxtacapillary receptors (J)- located in alveoli close to capillaries. Sensitive to pulmonary edema (left heart failure), vagus nerve sends to brain, causes cough tachypnea |
