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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cranial nerve I
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Olfactory Bulbs (nerve)
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why is the olfactory nerve debated NOT to be a cranial nerve
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Because it is the only special sensation nerve that does not come back to the thalamus portion of the brainstem (goes directly to cerebral cortex)
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Where does the cranial nerve I come back to
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the cerebral cortex
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Lesion in CN I causes?
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Loss of smell
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What is the CN II called?
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Optic nerve
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CN II nerve/sensry component is?
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Vision
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Where does the nerve component cross at?
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Optic Chiasm
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Where do ganglion cells of retina leave at?
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optic foramen
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In the vision field, info that hits retina from the nasal half of visual field goes where in the brain?
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Stays on the the same side
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In the vision feild, info that hits retina from the nasal half of visual field goes where in the brain?
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Cross over at the optic chiasm
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lesion at the optic nerve results in?
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Blind in one eye
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Lesion at the optic chiasm results in
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Bitemporal hemianopsia ( lesion after crossing over will fo to the cortex) will have parital lloss of vision in both eyes due to crossing over of fibers.
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lesion at the optic tract results in?
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left or right homonymous hemianopsia
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lesion at the visual cortex results in?
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homonymous hemianopsia- ie. partial loss of vision
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Name CN III
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Occulomotor
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What is cranial nerve III adjacent to?
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Mammillary bodies
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What muscles does the CN III innervate?
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all the ciliary muscle, and all the extraocular muscels except for the superior oblique muscle and the lateral rectus muscle. Atteched to eyeball
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Motor component of CN III (what direction)
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moves eye mediall: lateral rotation of eyeball
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Name CN IV
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Trochlear
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What is the only CN that comes in from the posterior/dorsal surface; in/near pons)
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Trochlear
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What does the trochlear nerve innervate
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the extrinsic muscle of the eye called the superior oblique
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What is the motor function of trochlear nerve
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turning eyeball down and out
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what happens if trochlear is lesioned
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very rare
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what is the CN V called
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Trigeminal
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Where does CN V orginate
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Pons
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What CN is the prinicipal sensory nerve for the head
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Trigeminal
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Where does the sensory function of trigeminal occur
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face, oral-nasal chmaber, tongue, floor of the mouth, dentition
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What are the three divisions of the trigeminal
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1. opthalmic division (V1) Sensory
2.Maxillary division (V2) "" 3. Mandibular division (V3)''['' |
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Does trigeminal nerve have a motor component?
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Yes, it is a mixed nerve
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What is the motor component fun't of trigeminal?
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Responsible for pain, temperature, and propio. big part in muscles of mastication, divides face in 3 regions
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what is the results of a lesion of trigeminal? what called?
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Tic Douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia) - unbearable pian due to light tough, small temp change
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What is the name of the VI CN
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Abducens
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Where is the VI CN orgin?
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located at the junction of medulla oblongata and the pons
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what is the motor fun't of the VI CN
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Innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye: moves eye laterally (abduction)
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What is the result of leion of VI CN
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eye will not follow finger laterally
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WHat is the name of the VII CN
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Facial Nerve
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What component is larger for facial nerve sensory or motor?
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Motor component
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What is the somatic mote fun't of VII and what muscle?
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From facial nucleus in pons tp facial muscles, scalp, and nceck muscle contraction of muscles of facial expresion.
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Parasympathathetic motor fun't of VII
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controls secretion of tears and salvia
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What is the parasympathetic motor nerve of VII called
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intermediate nerve of wrisberg
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what is the special sensory component of VII
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tastefrom anterior 2/3 of tongue
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what is the name of the VIII CN
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Vestibulocochlear
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where does VII and VII leave the skull?
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to the inner ear, after which they branch off
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VIII more motor or sensory
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VIII is a sensory only nerve
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what sensory function does VIII nerve do?
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hearing and balancing
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what does the cochlear branch do?
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hearing
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what does the vestibular branch of VIII do?
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balance and equilibrium
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what occurs if lesion of cochlear branch prior to synapsing in cochlear nuclei?
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deafness ear on same side
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What occurs if lesion of cochlear branch after synapsing in nuclei?
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50% of 2nd fibers cross 50% don't, partial deafness in both ears
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lesion in vestibular branch
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distubance anywhere causes loss of balance and equilibrium "dizziness".
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What is the motor fun't of the IX ? what does it innervates?
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innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle for swallowing
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what is the parasympathetic motor function of Glossopharyngeal
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parotid gland secretion of saliva
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what is the sensory fun't of IX
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general sensation from pharynx and tonsilar area (Gag reflex) and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue.
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IX response of Increased BP
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leads to vagal break on heart
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what occurs if glossopharngeal is lesioned
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loss of gag reflex, slight dysphagia(not as big as X) loss of taste post 1/3 tongue, deviation of uvula opp side of lesion post. wall of pharynx does not move
loss of general sensations from back of throat |
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Generall difficult to differentiate between the effects of lesions between what two CN
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IX X swallowing/talking
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What is the name of the X CN
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Vagus Nerve
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What are the two motor component of X
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Somatic and parasympathetic
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what is the somatic fun't of X
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innervatation of pharynx, larynx, and striated muscle (upper 1/3) esophagus imp swall/talk; all the way down to GI and jun't of transverse and descending colon > 20ft
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what is the parasympathetic autonomic fun't of X
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cardiovascular heart rate, lower esophagus, breathing, stomach , GI , 2/3 LI
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What occurs if lesion vagus nerve
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aphonia, dysphonia, loss, hoarseness, dysphagia, loss of gag reflex, coughing
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Name the XI CN
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Spinal accessory
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What does CN XI gothrough first 2nd?
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Goes through the foramen magnum b4 going through the jugular foramen. bc ascend to skull b4 leaves
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what us the motoe function of XI
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motor- innervates sternocleidomastoid (turns head to opp side) and upper fibres of Trapezius ( shrugging of shoulders)
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what occurs if XI is lesioned
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weakness in turning head winging of scapula (shoulder may droop)
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what is the reference of XI spinal accessory
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the inferior olivary nucleus
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WHat is the name of XII CN
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Hypoglossia
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what is the motor fun't of XII
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innervates intrinsic tongue muscle and extrinsic ones , protrudes and moves tongue to side
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what occurs if xii is lesioned
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on protrusion of the tongue it will deviate to the side of the lesion due to paralysis of genioglossus muscle
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I olfactory bulbs/nerves are coming back via?
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cribiform plate
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II optic nerve via
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optic canal/foramen ( underneath the lesser wings)
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III oculomotor nerve vie
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superior orbital fissure
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IV trochlear via
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superior orbital fissure
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VI abducent nerve via
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superior orbital fissure
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opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve V1
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superior orbital fissure
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what nerve pass through a fissure underneath the lesser wing of sphenoid ( superior orbital fissure)
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III, IV, VI, V1
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Facial nerve via
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opening at temporal bone called stylomasid foramen to inner ear chamber call internal acoustic meatus
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VIII vestibulocochlear nerve
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stylomasid foramen to internal acoustic meatus
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V2 maxillary nerve via
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foramen rotundum
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baslar plate containsensory or motor
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motor
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baslar plate is locarted posterior or anterior
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anterior
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aggregation of nueron in CNS =
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nuclei
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aggregation of nuerons adjacent to brainstem and spinal cord=
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ganglia
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where are special cellular components found
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NOT found in the spinal cord, only found in the brain stem
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define general
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can be efferenet aor afferent; general function are found throughout body
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"special" fun't are only asso w/
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the head and cranial nerves
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what are body building block that develops along the long axis of the cell body
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somites
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this can also describe the body as a whole in its environment
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somites
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what does viscerl include
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visceral tubular organs: gut tube, genital urinary tubes, respiratory, vascular tubes
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alar plate contain what four nerve groups
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special somatic afferent(SSA), special visceral afferent (SVA), general somatic afferent(GSA), general visceral afferent (GVA
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what CN are SSA
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1, 2, 8
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what does SSA mean and how CN contributes in this function
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somatic in this cse means how the info is taken in.
CNI- olfactory- smell CNII- optic-vision CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear- sound and balnce |
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what CN are asso w/ SVA
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1,7,9,10
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SVA CN fun't
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opening og the respiratory/gi tract in head
CNI (olfactory) nose (nerves in nasal chamber CN VII, CNIX glossopharyngeal, CN X vagus -> GI/respiratory taste sensation - 3 nerves ant 2/3 facial VII., pos 1/3 by !X glossalpharyngeal, root of tongue CN X |
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what CN are asso w/ GSA
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3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12 11?
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what is cn II fun't in GSA
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oculomotor- extraocular muscles
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CN IV fun't in GSA
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extraocular muscle
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CN VI fun't in GSA
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extraocular muscle
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CN VII fun't in GSA
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facial expression
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CN IX fun't in GSA
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glossopharyngeal has skeletal muscle components
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CN X in GSA
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pain touch
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CN XI in GSA
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accessory
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CN XII fun't in GSA
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not sure how propioreception on tongue works
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what CN asso w/ GVA
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9,10
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CN fun't in GVA
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respiratory tract/ gut tube
touch , prs, from pharyngeal wall (upper esophagus stretch) w |
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what does CN IX innervate via GVA
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Carotid sinus
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What does CN X innervate in GVA
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atrial reception in heart and also the mucosal lining of larynx and GI
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What three types of nerves are in the Basilar plate
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General Visceral Efferent (GVE), special visceral efferent (SVE), General somatic efferent (GSE)
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what CN are asso w/ GVE
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3,7,9,10
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what is main target CN in GVE? what part of nervous system in this done by?
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Glandular smooth muscel w/in visceral tubular system
parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system |
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what glands does CN VII innervare via GVE
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Submandibular, sublingual, mucosal, nasal mucosal, lacrimal glands
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what gland does CN IX innervate via GVE
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Parotid gland
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what glans goes CN X innervate via GVE/
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mucosal glands in laryngeal region, esophagus, gut tube, respiratory tract (even hrt)
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what muscle not used in GVE
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facial expression (somatic), taste (SVE
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is dialation of pupils asso w/ CN in GVE
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no- that is part of sympathetic not para
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GVE is synonymous w/?
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autonomic nervous, whether sym or para
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what CN are asso w/ SVE
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5,7, 9, 10, 11?
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what does the majority of e develop from
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brachial/visceral arches (and not from somites( ( branchiomeric skeletal muscles)
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where do brachiomeric muscle exist
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in head and upper neck ( all other skel musc in bod are somatic
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brachial arches are asso w/ what nerve group
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SVE
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1st b. arch is called
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mandibular arch
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1st b arch becomes
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the jaw
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1st b arch asso w/ what nerve
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CN V trigeminal
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1st b arch asso muscle become
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muscle of mastication (jaws)
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2nd b arch asso w/ what CN
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CN VII facial
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2nd b arch muscle are asso w/
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facial expression
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3rd arch asso w/ what CN
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CN IX glossopharyngeal
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in 3rd b arch what does CN IX innervate
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muscle of pharynx (stylophargngeus) including back of tongue
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4th, 5th, 6th, arch asso w/ what CN
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VAgus
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4,5,6th arch sensory innervated to?
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pharynx and larynx
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what CN are asso w/ GSE
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3,4,6,12
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where nerves found in GSE
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both in brainstem and spinal cor
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preotic somites are in what nerve group
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GSE
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preotic somites include/and located
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just in front of ear, CNIII (oculomotr), IV (trochear) VI abducens
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Preoccipital somites include
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CN XII (hypoglossal): intrinsic and extrinsic muscle of the tongue
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V3 mandibular nerve via
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foramen ovale- has motor innervation of skeletal muscle
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IX glossapharngeal via
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jugular foramen
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X vagus via
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jugular foramen
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XI spinal accessory via
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jugular foramen
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XII hypoglossal nerve via
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hypoglossal canal which is just above occipital condyle
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meningeal artery and maxillar artery via
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foramen spinosum
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alar plate contain sensory or mote
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sensory
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alar plate is located postierior or antierior
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posterior
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