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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anorexia lab findings
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Met alk
HoCl HK HXOL |
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Bulemia lab findings
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Met alk
HoCl HoK |
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NREM stage 1
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Alpha leaves
Theta appears 5% |
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NREM stage 2
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K complexes
Sleep spindles 45% |
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NREM stage 3
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Delta appears
12% |
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NREM stage 4
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Delta continues
13% |
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REM
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Sawtooth wave bursts
25% |
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Gr+ chains
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Strep
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Gr+ clusters
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Staph
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Gr+ pairs
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Strep pneumo
|
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Gr- coccobac
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Hemophilus
|
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Gr- diplococci
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Nessie (gon, arthritis, mening)
Moraxella (lungs, sinusitis |
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GNR plump, mucoid, thick capsule
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Klebsiella
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GPR, spore formers
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Clostridium
Bacillus |
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Pseudohyphae
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Candida
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Acid fast
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Mycobac (tb)
Nocardia |
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Gr+ w/ sulfur granules
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Actinomyces (PID w/ IUD, neck)
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Silver stain
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Pneumocystis jiroveci
Cat scratch dz |
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+India Ink
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Cryptococcus
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Spirochete
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Treponema (dark field)
Leptospira (dark field) Borrelia (LM) |
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Alcoholic rose gardener (fungus)
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Sporothrix schenkii
Tx: itraconazole, fluconazole, PO KI |
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Aplastic crisis w/ SCD or HBopathy
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Parvovirus B19
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Post-splenectomy sepsis
(encapsulated) |
S. pneumo
H. flu Nessie men |
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PNA in CA or AZ
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Coccidiodes immitis
Tx: itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B |
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PNA in cave explorer or bird dropping in OH or Mississippi
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Histoplasma
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PNA w/ exotic bird/parrot
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Chlam psittaci
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Fungus ball
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Aspergillus
|
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PNA w/ silicosis pt
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TB
|
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Diarrhea after hike or stream drinking
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Giardia
Tx: metro |
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Pregnant women + cats
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Toxoplasmosis
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B12 def’cy + abd sx --> which bug?
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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Sz + ring enhancing Lzn on CT
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Taenia solium
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Sq cell bladder cancer in ME and Africa
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Schistosoma hematobium
|
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Worms + itchy butt + fomites in kids
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Enterobius (+tape test)
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Fvr, muscle px, eosinophilia, periorbital edema + ate RAW MEAT
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Trichinella spiralis!
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Food pzn w/ reheated rice
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B. cereus
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Food pzn + raw seafood
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Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Diarrhea + travel to Mexico
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E coli
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Diarrhea + ABX
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C diff
Tx: PO metro or Vanc |
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Floppy baby + honey/construction nearby or field nearby
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C. botulinum
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Kid genital Lzns but no sexual abuse
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Cellulitis + dog or cat bite
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Pasteurella multocida
Tx: prophy amp |
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Slaughterhouse wrkr + fvr
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Brucella
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PNA + hotel or AC or H2O twr
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Legonella pneumophilia
Tx: azithro or fluoroqunio |
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Burn wound infxn (blue/green)
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Pseudomonas
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Burn wound infxn: not b/g
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S aureus
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Most cmn adult PNA
URI → shaking chills + fvr Pleurisy + prod cough Lobular consolidn High wbcs |
S pneumo
Tx: 3rd cephalo, fluoro |
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2nd most cmn adult PNA
Sx similar to S pneumo |
H flu
Tx: amp, amox 2nd/3rd cephalo |
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Hosp acq PNA
CF or CGD pt PNA IVDA PNA Emypema/abscesses cmn |
S aureus
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PNA: homeless EtOHic
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Klebsiella
3rd gen PCN, ceph + aminoglyc |
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Cmn PNA in CF pts
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Pseudomonas
Later in CF dz course: Burkholderia |
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Aspiration PNA, NPenia, HAP
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E coli, GN enterics
3rd gen PCN, ceph + aminoglyc |
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Most cmn teens
Atypical PNA: long prodrome, nonprod cough +cold agglutinin |
Mycoplasma
Tx: azithro |
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2nd most cmn teens
Like MycP, but neg cold agglutinin |
Chlam pneumo
|
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HIV + PNA
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PCP, CMV
Tx PCP: TMP/SMX Tx CMV: ganciclovir, foscarnet |
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Macules → papules → vesicles → crust over in 1 day
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Varicella zoster
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Slapped cheek → maculopapular rash on arms, legs, trunk in 1 day
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Parvovirus B19
Fifth Dz |
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Thick walled vesicles → erupt to form yellowish crusts
Usu on face “Weeping” Hx of skin break at site |
Impetigo
Strep/staph Tx: PCN |
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Fvr + pharyngitis + fatigue + LAD
HSM Atypical lymphocytes Lymphocytosis, anemia + heterophile Abs |
EBV
|
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Fvr >5d
Pt <5yo (B) conjunc injxn, strawberry tongue Desquamation/red/edema of extr Truncal rash Cervical LAD Joint px |
Kawasaki Dz
High dose ASA, IVIg |
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High fvr → 3d →Koplik spots (white on buccal mucosa)
Rhinorrhea Conjunctivitis Photophobia Macpap rash (head → trunk) |
Measles (rubeola)
|
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Tick bite → 1wk → high fvr, chills, svr h/a → 4d → rash on soles/palms → trunk + face
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RMSF
Tx: Doxy or chloramphenocol |
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High fvr x4d → macpap rash on chest/abd
Kids <3yo |
HHV6 (DNA)
Roseola infantum Exanthem subitum |
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Preg women in danger w/ infxn
Low grade fvr, malaise, tender suboccipital + post auric LNs Joint px x 2-3 d → faint macpap rash from face/neck → trunk |
Rubella
German measles |
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Untx Strep pharyngitis
Sandpaper like rash Pale around mouth Strawberry tongue |
Scarlet fvr
Strep sp Tx: PCN |
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Aseptic meningitis can be 2/2 what? (2)
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Mumps
Measles |
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Barking cough + hoarse + inspiratory stridor
Steeple sign (Front XR) |
Coup aka acute larynfotracheitis
|
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Fast high fvr, look toxic, drool, resp distress
No cough Thumb sign (Lat XR) |
Epiglottitis
|
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Gray pseudomembrane on pharynx/tonsils/uvula
Myocarditis |
Corynebac diptheria
|
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Svr paroxysmal cough
High pitched inspiratory noise |
B pertussis
|
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Don’t worry about rabies from?
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Rabbits, other rodents
(rats, mice, squirrels, chipmunk) |
|
Major Jones criteria (ARF!)
Strep pyog!! |
Migr polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum Carditis Chorea SQ nodules |
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Minor Jones criteria (ARF)
Tx: ASA, ‘roids for cards |
High wbc, esr, aso titer, crp (WEAC)
Long PR on ECG Join px |
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Post-strep infxn (1-3w)
Hematuria Rbc casts HTN Edema High BUN + Cre |
PSGN!
Tx: supportive |
|
Superficial cellulitis: red, shiny, swollen, tender
+/- vesicles of bullae, fvr, LAD |
Erysipelas
= Strep pyo skin infxn |
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Cellulitis = deeper skin infxn (SQ tissues)
Which bugs? (5) |
Strep > staph (PCN or Vanc)
Pseudomonas (BS PCN) Pasteurella if bite (IV amp) Vibrio vulnificus (if fish: tet) |
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Nec fasc tx?
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IVF
Incsn + drainage/debridement BS ABX |
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Endometritis tx?
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Amox or amp
|
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Shiny umbilicated papule + peripheral telangectasias
= a skin cancer |
Basal cell
Tx: excision! |
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Dermatits herpetiformis clues you into…?
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Gluten sensitivity
|
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Tender, red nodules, often over the shins
(5) |
Sarcoidosis
Coccidiodomycosis UC Unknown Strep |
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Target/iris skin lesions, usu 2/2 drugs or infxns
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Erythema multiforme
Svr form = stephens Johnson |
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Most fungal skin infxns are caused by which organzm?
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Trichophyton spp
Dx by scraping + KOH prep Does NOT fluoresce under Wood’s Tx: miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole |
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Wood’s lamp fluoresces which skin fungus?
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Microsporum spp
|
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Benign flesh colored skin lzn
Mimics skin cancer (sq cell) Classically on face Very fast growth (2mo) |
Keratoacanthoma
Spont involution |
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EEG Sleep Architecture:
Low voltage Random Fast beta waves |
Awake!
|
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EEG Sleep Architecture:
8-12 cps Alpha waves |
Drowsy
|
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EEG Sleep Architecture:
3-7 cps Theta waves |
Stage 1
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EEG Sleep Architecture:
12-14 cps sleep spindles K complexes |
Stage 2
|
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EEG Sleep Architecture:
0.5-2 cps delta waves |
Delta sleep
|
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EEG Sleep Architecture:
Low voltage Random Fast w/sawtooth waves |
REM!
|
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Which NT is:
Increased during sleep Starts sleep |
5HT
|
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Which NT is:
Increased during sleep Linked to REM |
ACh
|
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Which NT is:
Decreased during sleep Linked to REM |
NE
|
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Which NT is:
Increased during sleep Linked to arousal and wakefulness |
DA
|
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Which chemical:
Increases total sleep time |
Tryptophan
|
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Which AGONISTS:
Produce arousal |
DA ags
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Which ANTAGS:
Decrease arousal → make you sleep! |
DA antags
|
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Which drug:
Suppresses Stage 4 Increases sleep latency w/ chronic use |
Benzos
|
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Intox w/ which substances:
Suppress REM? (2) |
EtOH
Barbiturates |
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Withdrawal from which substances:
Cause REM rebound (2) |
EtOH
Barbiturates |
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Effects of MDD on sleep?
(5) |
Shorter REM latency
Increased REM time Suppress delta Many awakenings Early morning awakenings |
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Which sleep apnea features:
Oropharynx muscle atonia Nasal, tongue, tonsil obstruction |
Obstructive
|
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Which sleep apnea features:
Lack of resp effort? |
Central
|
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Which sleep apnea features:
Lack of resp effort at first, then collapse of AW |
Mixed
|
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Low potency antipsychotic
Older med Typical Pure D2 antag |
Chlorpromazine
|
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High potency antipsychotic
Older med Typical Pure D2 antag |
Haloperidol
|
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D2 + 5HT2 Antag Drug?
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Risperidone
|
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D2 + D4 + 5HT2 Antag Drugs?
(4) |
Aripiprazole
Clozapine Quietapine Ziprasidone |
|
Antipsychotic BSFX:
Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary hesitancy Constipation Bradycardia Confusion Delirium |
Anticholinergic
|
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Antipsychotic (APM) BSFX:
Hypotension Most cmn w/ low-potency APMs |
Alpha-adrenergic
|
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Sedation w/ APMs is due to:
|
AntiHMN activity
|
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APM endo effects
(3) |
Gynecomastia
Galactorrhea Amenorrhea |
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APM derm and eye FX
(3) |
Photosensitivity
Abnormal pigmentation Cararacts |
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APM FX on heart (1) and immune (1)
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Cardiac condxn abn’s (esp thioridazine)
Agranulocytosis (clozapine) |
|
APM BSFx:
Spasm of various muscle groups = |
Acute dystonia
m>f |
|
APM BSFx:
Motor restlessness |
Akathisia
|
|
Akathisia tx?
|
Lower the dose
Add beznos/beta blockers Switch to other APM |
|
APM BSFx:
Choreoathetosis Other involuntary mvmts |
Tardive dyskinesia
Tongue/fingers →trunk |
|
APM BSFx syndrome with:
Muscle rigidity Hyperthermia Autonomic instability Delirium |
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
|
|
First choice SCZ med, esp w/ insomnia
(4) |
Aripiprazole
Olanzapine Quietiapine Ziprasidone |
|
AD (antidepressant) BSFX:
Most sedating drugs? (3) |
Doxepin
Amitriptyline Trazodone |
|
AD BSFX:
Least sedating drugs? (3) |
Desipramine
Protryptyline SSRIs |
|
AD BSFX:
HoTnsn causing ADs? |
TCAs
|
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AD BSFX:
In OD, cause of cardiac arrhthmias |
TCAs
Maybe tx w/ bicarb |
|
Major SSRI BSFx?
|
Sexual dysfxn
|
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Beware of eating tyramine-containing foods while on…?
|
MOAi’s
→ may get HTNive crisis! |
|
MOAi names? (2)
|
Phenylzine
Tranylcypromine |
|
What are MOAi’s good for?
|
Atypical depression (hypersomnia, hyperphagia)
|
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Which AD drug causes priapism?
|
Trazodone
|
|
AD BSFX:
Anti-cholinergic-like effects? (2) |
Amitriptyline
Doxepin |
|
AD BSFX:
Cardiac condxn abn’s? |
TCAs
|
|
AD BSFX:
Sz causing? |
TCAs
Maprotiline Burproprion |
|
AD BSFX:
1. Anorgasmia? 2. Priapism? |
1. SSRIs
2. Trazodone |
|
SSRI names
(6) |
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Paroxetine (Paxil) Sertraline (Zoloft) Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) |
|
Newer AD
1. very sedating + priapism 2. very sedating but no penis issues 3. More likely to have Sz, min other bsfx |
1. Trazodone
2. Nefazodone 3. Buproprion |
|
Newer AD
1. Profile like SSRI 2. Like TCA, more rapid onset than SSRI |
1. Venlafaxine (Effexor)
2. Mirtazapine (Remeron) |
|
Tertiary TCAs (5)
|
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine Doxepin Imipramine Trimipramine |
|
Secondary amine TCAs (3)
|
Desipramine
Nortriptyline Protriptyline |
|
Anxiolytic used for GAD and Social phobia
|
Busipirone
|
|
Best predictor of future SA?
|
Past suicide attempt
|
|
Objective test to screen for depression
|
Beck Depression Inventory
|
|
Test to determine location and FX of specific brain lesions
|
Halstean-Reitan Battery
|
|
Test that assesses a wide range of cognitive fxns, tells you if pt is L or R brained
|
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
|
|
Objective test to measure personality type
|
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
|
|
Subjective test in which pts describe what they see in inkblots
|
Rorschach test
|
|
Objective IQ test for adults?
…for kids? |
1. Stanford-Binet
2. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children |
|
Subjective test in which pt describes what is going on in a cartoon of people
|
Thematic Apperception test
|
|
OD on benzos or barbiturates. Which drug to treat?
|
Flumazenil
|
