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19 Cards in this Set

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Where does the heart pump blood?
right side pumps to lungs
left side pumps to rest of body
atrium
# right and left as blood resevoirs
* deliver blood into right and left ventricle
ventricle
reight and left supply main force of moving blood through pulmonary and peripheral circulations
valves
o AV valves (atrioventricular)
+ tricuspid
+ bicuspid (mitral)
# prevent back flow from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole - ventricular relaxation
SA node (sinoatrial)
# intrisic pacemaker - rythmic impulses initiated here
# muscle tissue in upper lateral wall of R atrium
internodal pathway
conduct impulse from SA node to AV node
AV node
# posterior septal wall of R atrium
# impulse delayed slightly before passing to ventricles
* allowing time for atria to contract and empty blood into ventricles
av bundle
conducts impulses to ventricles
Left and right bundle branches
# lead from AV bundle into ventricles
* transmit much faster than av nodal fibers
# divide further into Purkinje fibers
# conduct impulses through ventricles quickly
arterial system
+ carries blood away from heart
+ strong walls
# blood from heart under pressure
+ aterioles transport blood to capillaries from arteries
# abel to dialte or close to control blood flow
capillaries
exchange O2 and fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, etc., from blood to tissue
venous system
+ carries blood to heart
+ Venules - collects blood from capillaries, converge to for veins
+ low pressure in veins
# walls are thin and muscular
* can contract and dialte
* act as a reservoir
# some (legs) contain back flow valves
What muscles are used in breathing?
inspiration
- inercostals, sternocleidomastoids, anterior serrati, scaleni

Expiration
-abdominals (rectus abdominis, ext. and int. obliques, transverse abdominis), internal intercostals
cardiac output
# ammount of blood pumped by heart
* Card. out.(Q w/. on top) = stroke volume x heart rate
max heart rate
= 220 - persons age

o + or - 10 to 12 bpm
systolic bp
pressure on arterial walls when blood being pumped
diastolic br -
pressure against arterial wall when no blood being pumped through vessel
mean arterial prssure
o avg. bp throughout cardiac cycle
+ =[(systolic-diastolic)/3]+diastolic
+ 110-139mmHg systolic and 60-89 mmHg diastolic considered normal
tidal volume
- ammount air inhale/exhaled with each breath

# increase .4-1 L to 3+ L during ex