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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What feature distinguishes respiratory portions form conduction portions of the repiratory system
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the prescence of alveoli
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What happens to air in the conduction portion of the repiratory system
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conditioned-remove foreign substances, humidify, warm
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What type of tissue lines the nasal vestibule
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stratified squamous keratinized epithelium with vibrissae
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What type of tissue lines the nasal cavity beyond the vestibule
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Respiratory epithelum (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells)
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Describe the lamina propria of the nasal cavity
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seromucous glands and extenisve vascular plexus (warms air), collagen fibers within the lamina propria attach the mucosa to the underlying periosteum
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What 5 cells do you find in a respiratory epithelium
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1. ciliated columnar 2. goblet 3. basal 4. brush 5. small granule (endocrine)
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Describe the strucutre of the olfactory epithelium
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Olfactory epithelium-pseudostratified columnar wtih olfactory cells, supporting basal, and brush cells,
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Describe olfactory cellls
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bipolar neurons that thave an axon at their base and an olfacotry vesicle at the apex containing primary cilia
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describe the lamina propria of the olfactory mucosa
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contains axon bundles and serous glands (bowman) that produce OBP
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Expalin how odors are detected
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odorants bind to odorant binding proteins (found in lamina propria) which then attach to odorant receptors on the cilia of the olfactory cells (apical surface of olfactory epithelium). The binding activates a Na gated channel cuasing an ion influx that generates an action potential.
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What lines the paranasal sinuses
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thinner version of respiratory mucosa
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What lines the nasopharynx
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respiratory mucosa
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describe the lamina propria of teh nasopharynx
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lympahtic tissue is abundant, accumulates superiorly as the pharyngeal tonsil
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How does the epithelium change as you transition from the naso to oropharynx
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changes from respiratory to stratified squamous nonkeratinized
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Describe the epithelium of the larynx
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internallly-respiratory mucosa, eppiglottis and vocal fold is stratified squamous non-keratinized rather than pseudostratified columnar (important because of mechanical stress)
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Describe the lamina propria of the layrnx
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poorly vascularized, lacks lymphatics, few eleastic fibers- Reinke's space, mast cells abundant
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what is the significance of Reinke's space
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lamina propria of larynx-poorly vascularized, lacks lymphatics, few elastic fibers, space facilitaes vocal cord vibration, potential space for fluid collection resulting in hoarsness during chornic inflammation of the vocal folds
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Describe the epithelum of the trachea
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respiratory epithelum (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells)
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Describe the submucosa of the trachea
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loose CT, seroumucous glands
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Describe the cartilage of the trachea
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C shaped hyaline cartils, smooth muscle and fibroelastic tissue bridges the free ends
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How does the respiratory epithelium change as you move to more distal passages
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becomes lower
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Describe the muscularis of the bronchi
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2 discontinous layers of spiraling smooth muscle, located between the lamina propria and submucosa
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Describe the epithelium of bronchioles
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ciliated simple columnar to simple cuboidal with ocasional goblet cells arnd clara cells
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what are clara cells, where are they found
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columnar cells with a dome shpaed apex and shor tmicrovili, characteristic of the bronchiolar epithelium, contain secretory granules that secrete Clara cell protein which protects the bronchiolar epithelium via antiinflamatory action. Contain abundant smooth RER w. cytc P450 that degrades toxins, surfactant like molecule, CL
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Where does the conduction portion of the lung end
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terminal bronchioles
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how does chronic bronchitis affect respiratory walls
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wall thickening
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Astham is characterized by
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airway wall inflammation, hypersecretion of mucous, vasodilation ,smooth muscle contraction
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What is the first airway in the respiratory portion of the lung
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respiratory bronchiles
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What type of epithelium lines the respiratory bronchioles
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simple cuboidal
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describe the structure of the alveolar epithelium
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simple epithelium with 1. type 1 squamous and 2. type 2 cuboidal
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which cells produce pulmonary surfactant
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type 2 pneumocytes
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describe the structure of the alveolar septum
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plexus of continuous capillaries surrounded by fibers of elastin and type III collagen, alveolar pores, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts
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What constitudes the blood-air barrier
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surfactant=> type 1 pneumocyte =>fused basement membranes=>capillary endothelial cell
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what are heart failure cells
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following heart failure and pulmonary congestion RBCs extravasate into the alveoli and are enguled by marcophages that in positivley for iron
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what affect does emphysema have on the respiratory passages
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progressive desctruction of the alveolar septa leading to enlarged air apces but a decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange, the amount of elastic tissue is reduce
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