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Formula for Stroke Volume
SV = CO X HR

on the PV loop: EDV-ESV
Formula for Stroke Index
SV/BSA = SI
Formula for SVR
SVR =

[(MAP - CVP)/CO] x 80
Coronary Perfusion Pressure Formula
CPP =
DBP - LVEDP
Mean Arterial Pressure Formula
MAP = [(2X DBP) + SBP]/3
Ejection Fraction Formula
EF = [(EDV-ESV)/EDV] x 100
Pulmonary Vascular Pressure Formula
PVR =
[(PAP - PCWP)/CO] x80
Carry capacity of Oxygen in a Formula
CaO2 =
(1.34 x Hbg x % SaO2) +
(PaO2 x 0.003)
Cardioselective Beta Blockers
Metoprolol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Acebutolol
Class I antiarrhythmics do what?
Block Na-channels; affects slope of Phase 0 and lengthens Phase 4
Class Ia antiarrhythmics are _______depressants and _______ depolarization
moderate
prolong
Class Ib antiarrhythmics are
_______depressants and
_______ depolarization
weak depressant
shorten
Class Ic antiarrhytmics are ________depressants and
____________depolarization
strong depressants and have no effect on depolarization
Qunidine, procainamide, dsopyramide
Class Ia drugs
Lidocaine, mexifiline, phenytoin, tocainide
Class Ib drugs
Flecinide, propafenone, moricizine
Class Ic drugs
Class II drugs
esmolol, inderal, metoprolol
blocks sympathetic stimulation
decreases NE/epi which decreases cAMP, which decreases Ca+2 --> prolongs absolute refractory and decreases conduction thru AV node
Class II antiarrhythmics work on...
Lengthens phase 2 of ventricular;
Works on Phase 0 & 4 in nodal
Class III - block
K-channels;
Class III work on
Phase 3 on ventricular and nodal
Class III drugs
Amiodarone
bretylium
Sotalol
ibutilide
dofetilide
Amiodarone side effect
Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity due to enhanced O2 free radial formation.
Increased risk for ARDS if you used this drug during sx
verapamil ____digoxin elimination and could cause ________
decreases; digoxin toxicity
Class IV - blocks
Calcium Channels
Class IV - works on ____phase
phase 0 in the nodal and lengthens phase 2 in ventricular
NON-dihydropyridines prolong AV refractoriness, examples of...
verapamil
diltiazem
Dihydropyridines produce profound _________ and don't have much effect on AV nodal refractoriness
vasodilation
Dihydropyridines examples
amlodipine; fenodipine; nimodipine; nicardipine; nifedipine
Nimodipine (Nimtop) more specific for ______ vasodilation
CEREBRAL
Class V antiarrhythmics
Adenosine, Atropine, Digoxin
Digoxin
increases INTRACELLULAR calcium; inhibits the Na-K pump
Therapeutic margin for Digoxin
Narrow: 0.9-2.0ng/mL