CV: PHARM: BRS Cardiovascular Pharm Cards Flash Cards

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Title: CV: PHARM: BRS Cardiovascular Pharm Cards
Description: BRS Pharm Cards
Number of Cards: 21
Save Count: 0
Author: ardoc
Created: 2010-11-28
Tags: brs cardiovascular cards cv pharm pharm
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Extremely short-acting agent (15-20 seconds) administered IV for the control of atrioventricular (AV) nodal arrhythmias
    • Adenosine (The side effects of FLUSHING and HYPOTENSION are short-lived as well, and do not limit the use of this agent)
    • Long-acting class III antiarrhthmic associated with pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction, and corneal microdeposits
    • Amiodarone (This agent also blocks sodium channels such as the class IA antiarrhythmics)
    • Used for the treatment of congestive heart failure, this agent contains two isomers, one with nonselective beta blocking activity and one with alpha-1 blocking activity
    • Carvedilol (LABETALOL has similar properties and has four diastereomers, the RR enantiomer is a nonselective beta blocker, and the SR enantomer is an alpha-1 blocker)
    • Bile acid-binding resins used in the managment of hyperlipidemia
    • Cholestyramine, Colestipol (Bind bile acids, preventing enterohepatic recycling, thus diverting hepatic efforts to renew bile acids, instead of producing plasma lipids)
    • These agents functions function to slow conduction velocity by slowing the rate and rise of the action potential
    • Class IA Antiarrhythmica (Quinidine/Procainamide/Disopyramide) (These agents help maintain sinoatral [SA]rhythm after cardiococonversion for atrial fibllation, and may cause torsade de pointes arrhythmias. Quinidine may cause cinchonism, a type of poisoning that casues headache, vertigo, and tinnitus.)
    • Function to decrease the action potential duration by shortening the repolarization phase
    • Class IB Antiarrhythmics (Lidocaine/Mexileine/Tocainide/Phenytoin) (These agents are used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, as well as for digitoxin-induced arrhythmias)
    • Used for the treatment of refractory ventircular arrhythmias, as well as for rapid atrial arrhythmias associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
    • Class IC Antiarrhytmics (Flecainided/Propafenone) (Function to slow conduction velocity in the atrial and ventricular cells but do not affect the action potential. They typically are used as a last resort, as their use is associated with drug-induced arrhythmias)
    • These agents decrease the automaticity of the pacemaker tissue of the heart, resulting in prolonged atrioventricular (AV) conduction and slower heart rate
    • Class II Antiarrhytmics (Propranolol/Esmolol) (These beta blockers decrease cAMP levels, resulting in reduced sodium and calcium currents. these agents are not to be used in cases of congestived heart failure)
    • Used for the treatment of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, many of these agents can precipitate torsade de pointe arrhythmias
    • Class III Antiarrhythmics (Sotalol/Ibutilide/Bretylium/Amiodarone) (These agents prolong the action potential by blocking potassium channels.)
    • Used for atrial arrhythmias and nodal re-entry, as well as hypertension and angina, these agents inhibit Ca2++ voltage channels
    • Class IV Antiarrhythmics (Verapamil/Diltiaszem) (Note: nifedipine has a similar mechanism of action, but it is used only for hypertension and angina
    • Centrally-acting alpha-2 agonist that reduces sympathetic autonomic nervous system outflow, resulting in decreased blood pressure
    • Clonidine (a major side effect of this drug is REBOUND HYPERTENSION, in the event of ABRUPT DISCONTINUATION)
    • Used in the management of congestive heart failure, these drugs are reversible inhibitors of Na+/K+ ATPase
    • Digitoxin Digoxin (Unlike digitoxin, digoxin is shorter-acting and excreted by the kidneys, patients with low K+, low Mg2+, high Na+, or high Ca2++ can experience arrhythmias with either agent)
    • Agents that decrease triglycerides dramatically by stimulating lipoprotein lipase
    • Gemfibrozil Fenofibrate Clofibrate (Clofibrate has been associated with gallstones and hepatobiliary neoplasms)
    • Antihypertensive drug that blocks the release of norepinephrine by displacing it from intracellular vesicles
    • Guanethidine (Side effects include serious orthostatic hypotension
    • Used for the treatment of ventrcular arrhythmias, especially follwing myocardial infarction, because it works only on ischemic tissue
    • Lidocaine (this class IB antiarrhthmic has little effect on ECG OF NORMAL [NONISCHEMIC] HEART TISSUE. It is given intravenously, although similar agents [mexiletine and tocainde] are given orally.)
    • This alpha-2 agonist decreases adrenergic outflow from the CNS, resulting in decreased blood pressure
    • Methyldopa (This drug can haptenate red blood cell proteins, resulting in an autoimmune hemolytic anemia)
    • Lipid-lowering agent that causes cutaneous flushing, which can be avoided by administering concurrently with aspirin
    • Niacin (Directly reduces the secretion of VLDLS from and apolipoprotein synthesis by the liver, while increasing HDLs)
    • Causes an increases in cGMP within vascular smooth muscle, resulting in decreased preload to the heart and decreased blood pressure
    • Nitroglycerin (Administered as a sublingual patch to decrease first-pass metabolism
    • Antihyperlipidemic agent that may prevent atherosclerosis by acting as an antioxidant
    • Probucol (Rarely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia because it DECREASES HDLS AS WELL AS LDLs, may be efficacious in PREVENTING RESTENOSIS after angioplasty)
    • This rarely used antihypertensive agent blocks the storage and release of catecholamines and serotonin from neurons
    • Reserpine (The drug readily enters the CNS and can cause suicidal depression and Parkinsonian symptoms)
    • Inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in dramatically decreased LDL levels
    • Statins (Lovastatin/Pravastatin/Simvastatin/Atorvastatin) (May cause ELEVATED LIVER ENZYMES, MYOSITIS with INCREASED CREATINE KINASE from skeletal muscle, and, rarely, RHABDOMYOLYSIS)