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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mouth
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Mechanical Breakdown; Contains Salivary Amylase
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Esophagus
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Peristalsis, cardiac sphincter; No enzymes
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Stomach
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Mechanical with small chemical breakdown (starch/proteins); contains HCl, pepsinogen, pepsin
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Small Intestine
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Pyloric sphincter; duodenum, ileum, jejunum ; Absorption
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Liver
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PRODUCES BILE
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Gall Bladder
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STORES BILE
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Pancreas
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Produces digestive enzymes (endo & exo gland); insulin/glucagon, bicarbonate, amylase, lipase, protease
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Large Intestine/Colon
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Reabsorption of H20
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Rectum
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Storage Unit
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Protozoan Digestion
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(single celled org) Intracellular digestion
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Coelenterates (jellyfish) Digestion
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Extracellular digestion in gastrovascular cavity
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Annelids (earthworm) and Arthropods (bees/ants) Digestion
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One-way, two-opening digestive tract
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Where are blood cells formed?
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Bone Marrow (doesn't necessarily mature there)
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Blood type A (Antibodies/antigens/donate/receive)
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A-antigens, B-antibodies; Can donate to A, AB. Can Receive from A,O
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Blood Type AB
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A and B-antigens; No antibodies. Universal acceptor. Can only donate to AB
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Blood Type B
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B-antigens, A-antibodies. Can receive from B,O. Can donate to B, AB
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Blood Type O
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No Antigens, A and B-antibodies. Universal donor. Can receive from O only
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RH+
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Can donate to other RH+. Can receive from + and -
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RH-
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Can donate to - or +. Can receive from -
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Arteries
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Muscular, thick away from heart. Oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary and umbilical arteries). No valves
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Veins
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Thinner, flexible; Towards heart. Carry deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary and umbilical veins). Has valves to defy gravity
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Capillaries
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1 cell layer thick; carries both types of blood. No valves
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Human Circulatory Pathway
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BODY CIRCULATION --> Vena cava, Right atrium, tricuspid valve, Left ventricle, pulminary semilunar, pulmonary artery to LUNGS.
LUNGS --> Pulmonary vein, left atrium, mital/bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar, aorta to BODY |
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Foramen Ovale
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Shunts blood away from developing lungs; connection between L and R atrium
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Protozoan Circulatory System
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Diffusion, cyclosis
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Coelenterates Circulatory
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Diffusion, cyclosis
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Annelid Circulatory
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Closed, simple circulatory system
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Arthropods Circulatory
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Open circulatory system
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Smooth Muscle
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peristalsis/digestion/respiration; one nuclei, not striated; involuntary contractions
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Cardiac Muscle
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Heart; 1 nuclei and striated. Involuntary control
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Skeletal Muscle
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movement; multiple nuclei and striated; Voluntary control
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Muscle formation (small to large)
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Sarcomere, myofibril, fiber, bundle, muscle
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Thin Filaments
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Actin
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Thick Filaments
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Myosin
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Ligaments
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Connects bone to bone
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Tendon
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Connects muscle to bone
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Coelenterates Nervous System
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Nerve net
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Annelids Nervous System
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Primitive central nervous system; brain composed of fused ganglia
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Arthropods
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Primitive central nervous system; brain composed of fused ganglia. Also have specialized sensory organs
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Kidney
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regulates concentration of H20, salts, and other dissolved substances in blood through formation and excretion of urine
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Protozoan Excretion
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Ammonia and CO2 diffuse directly into the encironment
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Annelid Excretion
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excrete urea through nephridia in the skin
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Coelenterates
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Ammonia and CO2 diffuse directly into the environment
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Arthropods
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Produce uric acid in the Malpighian tubules and eliminate it via the rectum
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Air Travel during Inhalation
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Pharynx, Larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
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Path of Food
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Oral Cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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Number of stereoisomers of a molecule
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2^n
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SN1 solvent
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Polar protic
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SN2 solvent
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Polar Aprotic
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Acetic Acid
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CH3COOH
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Acetone
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CH3COCH3
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HBr and Radicals
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Br adds first!!!! anti-markovnikov
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PCC
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Prepares aldehydes from primary alcohols
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