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22 Cards in this Set

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acetylcholine virtually always interacts with a ________ receptor
nicotinic
historically blocked by a-bungarotoxin from krait or cobra (Naja naja) venom
Neuromuscular nicotinic receptor
useful in treating myasthenia gravis
Anticholinesterases
Anticholinesterases contract skeletal muscle (nicotinic) because they increase acetylcholine concentrations in the vicinity of the __________ receptor
nicotinic
Neostigmine is used for __________ ___________
myasthenia gravis
Used for poisoning with anticholinergics
Physostigmine
used in myasthenia gravis or to reverse competitive neuromuscular antagonism; can be used prophylactically to prevent actions of nerve gases
Pyridostigmine
used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (vs. cholinergic crisis) and in treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Edrophonium Toxicity of anticholinesterases
Toxicity of anticholinesterases

(acronym)
SLUDGE (sweating, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, GI distress, emesis
Classes of neuromuscular blockers (Nicotinic receptor antagonists)
tubocurarine
mivacurium

succinylcholine
depolarizes end plate of muscle- chronic Na+ influx causes depolarization; fasciculations precede flaccid paralysis
succinylcholine
competitive compete for nicotinic receptor sites - block Na+ influx, depolarization and contraction
tubocurarine
mivacurium
Tubocurarine works where first?
Smaller muscles are affected first
Depolarizing agents such as ___________- chest and abdomen most sensitive
succinylcholine
major action of Nicotinic receptor antagonists
major action to paralyze skeletal muscle; hypotension; decrease GI motility; depolarizing agents release K+
Ether, halogenated anesthetics, streptomycin, tetracycline __________ competitive block of Nicotinic receptor antagonists
enhance
Anticholinesterases- antagonize competitive blocker (________, __________)but potentiate a depolarizing blocker (___________)
d-tubocurarine
mivacurium

succinylcholine
Malignant hyperthermia caused by halothane and ___________


treatment is __________
succinylcholine

dantrolene
dantrolene (dantrium) - inhibits Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum by blocking the ___________ receptor
Ryanodine
Used to treat spasms of eye, throat, skin and other muscles
Botulinum
Prevents acetylcholine release by cleaving proteins (SNAP25) necessary for acetylcholine exocytosis
Botulinum
Sympathetic Nerves release acetylcholine to activate _________ receptors on sweat gland
muscarinic

temperature regulating mechanism within the body