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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interstital cells are also called
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Leydig cells
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What to Leydig cells do?
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regulate bhavior within the seminiferous tubules and coordinate gap junctions
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conexins are also called __
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half channels
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2 conexons produce a
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gap junction
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the speratogonium is found where within the seminiferous tubules?
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on the basal side
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mature spermatazoa are found on the ____ side of the seminiferous tubule?
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the lumen side
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what are myoid cells
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elongated cells that loosely associate with the seminiferous tubule. They can contract.
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Sortoli cells are also called
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sustatacular cells
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Sortoli cells/sustantacular cells are what kind of cells?
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epithelial cells
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Where are germ cells embedded?
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int he sustantacular cells
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sperm develop in which direction?
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from the basal lamina side towards the lumen
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how is the direction of sperm formation regulated?
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using gap junctions or tight junctions
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what forms the blood/testes barrier?
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the extensions of other cells
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why do we need the blood/testes barrier?
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becuase otherwise the immune system would attack the body's sperm cells
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the basal compartment holds what?
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spermatogonia
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the adluminal compartment holds what?
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maturing spermatocytes and spermatozoa
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what happens to a spermatid as it matures?
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it sloughs off a lot of cytoplasm (which becomes polar bodies
the nucleus condenses (gets darker) Loses or rearrangees some organelles. |
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What is the part of the sperm that is used to help it burrow into the egg
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the aerosomal head
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From what is the aerosomal head formed?
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form the golgi body
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What's between the aerosome and nucleus
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a pool of G actin (but only in some species) `
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Where is the microtubule organizing center found in a mature sperm?
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in the neck
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What can be found in the neck of a mature sperm?
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MTOC
mitochondria dense fibers that give rigidity |
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True or False:
All sperm look alike |
Wrong! Some have some really wierd looking sperm.
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What's the arrangements of microtubules in th neck of a sperm?
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9+2 (2 are found in the middle of the cell, and around the periiphery there are 9 pairs)
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How big is a Dropshilla sperm?
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2 inches
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What are four features that are common to both the oogenesis of all organisms?
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They have arrested meiosis
Asymmetric cell division Maturation/differentiation of the oocyte Ovulated |
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What's a "block of meiosis?"
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It's when meiosis is halted. You need a trigger to start it up again. All oogenesis has this
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For every meiotic division, you get only one egg cell. What happens to the rest?
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It gets sloughed off as polar bodies
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oocytes can also be called
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ootids
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What surrounds the oorcyte/ootid?
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Follicle cells which nourish the egg
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What is the oolemma?
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the plasma membrane of the egg cell that has tons of microvilli
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what are the characteristics of the oolemma?
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lots of microvilli (though if you're just looking at an egg it may appear that it' just a fuzzy cloud around that egg-- the zona radiata)
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what's the zona radiata?
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the fuzzy zone around the egg that is produced from all the fuzzy microvilli
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how do the microvilli on the egg coordinate communication withte the follicle cells?
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with gap junctions
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What happens to the volume of oocytes?
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it increases?
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what is the germina veicle?
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the growing nucleus volume
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what are the cortical granules?
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they are little spots that help with fertilization
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ovulation is to ovaries as spermiation is to
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testes
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What are three differences between oogenesis of different organisms?
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The number of eggs oduces, the size of the oocyte, and the yolk content
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How do the number of eggs produced from oogenesis differ from species to species?
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Humans produce only about 50 per year. Mematera can produce 50 million per season.
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How do the sizes of different oocytes vary?
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Humans are about 100 microns.
frogs are about 1.3 mm chickens are about 3 cm coelocants can be 9 cm |
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isolecethial is:
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equal distribution of the yolk in the egg
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organisms that are isolechethial are
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echinoderms, molluscs, and mammals
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mesolecethial is
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the yolk is condensed into one half of the egg (like different hemisphere)
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telolecethial
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the yolk is dense and takes up most of the space in an egg
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telolecethial eggs are found in
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birds
chephalopods teleost fish |
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Centroleciethial
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the yolk is condensed and suspended in the middle of the egg
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What organisms have centroleciethial eggs?
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arthropods
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