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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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angiocardiography
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an intraveous radiographic contrast study evaluation the vascular system and chambers of the heart
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angiography
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an intravenous radiographic contrast study evaluating the vascular system
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antegrade urethrogram
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a method of urethrography in which the contrast medium is voided from the urinary bladder
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barium sulfate
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a common positive-contrast medium that is available in various forms and is often used as a suspension in gastrointestinal evaluations.
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cholecystography
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an oral or intraveous radiographic contrast study evaluating the bile ducts and gallbladder
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contrast medium
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a substance that is either radiolucent or radiopauq and can be adminstered to increase radiographic contrast within an organ or system
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cystography
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radographic contrast studies evaluating the urinary bladder.
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double contrast
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a radiographic contrast technique that uses a combination of positive and negative contrast media simulatneously
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double contrast cystogram
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a radiographic study of the urinary bladder involving distending the bladder with a gas and then adding a small amount of positive iodinated contrast medium
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esophagography
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a radiographic contrast study performed to evaluate esophageal function and morphology
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excretory urography
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an intravenous radiographic conrast study of the kidneys and ureters.
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fistula
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an abnormal tubelike passage within body tissue
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fistulography
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a positive or negative radiographic contrast study used to determine the depth and origin of a fistulous tract
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gastrography
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a radiographic contrast study performed to evaluate the size, shape, position, and morphology of the stomache.
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intravenous pyelogram IVP
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a radiographic contrast study of the kidney structure and collection system.
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intraveous urogram IVU
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a radiographic contrast study of the kidney structure and collection system
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lower gastrointestinal study LGI
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commonly referred to as a barium enema, a radiographic contrast study evaluating the rectum, colon, and cecum
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lymphography
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a radiographic contrast study evaluating lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
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myelography
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a radiographic contrast study evaluating the subarachnoid space surround the spinal cord.
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negative contrast agents
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gases that are more radiolucent to xrays than are soft tissues and have a black appearance on a radiograph
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nephrogram
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a phase of en excretory urogram characterized by the diffuse opacification of the renal parenchyma
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parasymphatholytic agents
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drugs that eliminate the influence of the parasymphathetic nervous system
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pneumoperitoneography
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a negative contrast radiographic study consisting of the introduction of a gas into the peritoneal cavity
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positive contrast agents
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substances containing elements of high atomic number that are more radiopaque to xrays than are tissue and bone and have a white appearance on a radiograph
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pyelogram
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a phse of an excretory urogram characterized by the opacification of the renal collection system
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retrograde urethrogram
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a method of urethrography by which the contrast medium is infused via catheter placed at the distal end of the urethra
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sialography
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a radiographic contrast study evaluating the salivary glands and ducts
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triiodinated compounds
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a common component of iodinated positive contrast media that contains three atoms of iodine per molecule
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urethrography
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a radiographic contrast study evaluating the urethra
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vaginography
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a radiographic contrast study evaluating the female reproductive organs.
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when would barium sulfate be contraindicted?
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If the patient is suspected of having a gi perforation. It would not be absorbed and could induce granuloma formation.
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What sedation could be used that have minimal effects on gi motility?
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phenothiazine tranquilizers such as acepromazine maleate
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what other drugs should be avoided gi films
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parasympatholytic agents such as atropine because of their anticholingergic effect.
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LGI (lower gi study) barium enema is indicated for
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a positive contrast barium enema is indicated for a patient with abnormal bowel movements characterized by excessive mucus, bright red blood in feces, pain during defecation or diarrhea in high frequency.
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When would a radiographic study of the urinary system be indicated?
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a patient with hematuria, proteinuria, crystalluria, polyuria, isosthenuria, or dysuria.
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excretory urography
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IV injection of sterile, water soluble iodinated contrast medium and exposure of radiographs at subsequent intervals
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IVU intravenous urogram or excretory urogram
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the iodinated contrast medium circulates through the venous blood, is filtered out of the blood and collects in the kidneys
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What is the IVP (intravenous pyelogram) indicated for? and not indicated for?
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to evaluate kidney structure and collection. Not used to evaluate renal function quantitatively.
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What are the the two phases of the excretory urogram?
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1. nephrogram
2. pyelogram |
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cystography
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consists of introduction of contrast medium into the bladder via a urinary catheter.
beneficial for investigation of cystic calculi, mural lesions, bladder rupture etc |
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what is the contrast medium of choice for cystography?
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Tri-iodinated ionic compounds. Barium sulfate and sodium iodide solutions are contraindicted.
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arthrography
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used to evaluate a ruptured joint capsule, the presence of a cartilaginous flap, meniscal injuries or sx
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arthrography contrast medium
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water soluble iodine compound or air (carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide) diluted with sterile saline to 20%-40% soln
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angiography
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a bolus injection of water soluble iodinated positive contrast medium into a vascular system. used to demonstrate occlusion of a blood vessel, pthologic lesions or find a tumor
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cholecystography
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oral or IV of a positive contrast medium that is excreted through the biliary system.
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acoustic impedance
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relationship between density or stiffness of tissue and the velocity of sound within the tissue. Differences in acoustic impedance of adjacent tissues determine the intesity of reflected sound.
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acoustic shadow
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ultrasound artifact. Echo-free zone created distal to the imaged organ when sound waves hit a highly reflective tissue that prevents sound from being transmitted to greater depths.
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anechoic
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no echoes are detected and the area is black. Typically associated with fluid-filled structures such as the urinary bladder
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attenuation
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reduced intesity of radioation caused by absorption or scattering or both during passage through tissue. sound is also attenuated as it passes thru tissue and the intensity is reduced.
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b-mode (brightness mode) ultrasonography
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intensity of returing echoes is expressed as brightness in the display
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computed tomography (CT) number
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number converted to gray scale in the final image, which represents the attenuation of the x-ray beam in tissue within a voxel. also referred to as Hounsfield number
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curie (Ci)
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a unit of activity (3.7 x 10 10 disintegrations per second)
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distant enhancement
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ultrasound artifiact. increased sound intensity beyond a fluid filled, anechoic area, created by absence of attenuation of the sound beam as it passes through the fluid
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doppler shift
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difference between transmitted and received sound frequencies. The greater the doppler shif, the greater the flow velocity.
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echogenicity
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intensity of reflected echoes
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Half-life (t1/12)
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time in which the initial activity of a radionuclide is reduced to one half. Biologic half-life includes excretion as well as the characteristic half-life of the isotope.
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hyperechoic
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echoes produced are birghter than in surrounding tissue
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hypoechoic
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a few echoes are detected, and the area is low-level gray compared with adjacent tissues. Usually seen with solid homogeneous tissues or complex fluid containing cells such as blood.
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labeled compound
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a compound whose molecule is tagged with a radionuclide.
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linear array probe
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ultrasound probe containing multiple in line transducers that create a rectangular shaped image
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long-axis view
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echocardiographic image showing the heart from base to apex in a longitudinal or sagittal plane
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m-mode (motion modeA) ultrasonography
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inforamtion is displayed as depth versus time on a graphy. Used for echocardiography.
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radiopharmaceutical
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a radioactive drug that can be administered for dignostic or therapeutic purposes
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sector probe
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ultrasound probe with multiple rotating or oscillation transducers that produce a wedge-shaped image.
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short-axis view
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echocardiographic image sowing the heart in transverse plane
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target organ
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the organ intended to be imaged and expected to receive the greatest concentration of adminstered radioactivity
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voxel (volume element)
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three dimesional box represented on an image matrix by the two dimensional pixel.
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ADC
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anaolg to digitl converter. An electronic devise that converts an analog voltage signal to a digital signal.
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ALARA
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as low as resonably achievable.
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Analog
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a voltage waveform that is continous:at any point in time there is a voltage value.
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CCD - charged coupled devise
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a small flat panel devise that is capable of creating images from visible light, used for digital radiogrpahy and digital photography.
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compression
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a mathemtatical reduction in size of digital data so that they are easier to transmit
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contrast resolution
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the ability to distinguish between two structures of differing xray attenution. the high contrast resolution of digital radiography is vastly superior to conventional screen film radiography
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CR
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computed radiography. a type of digital radiography that uses a photostimulable phosphor plate for image acquisition.
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DDR
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direct digital radiography. A digital radiography system in which there is direct conversion of x-ray energy into an electronic (digital) signal.
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