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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is digestion?
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Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms cell membranes can absorb.
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Accessory Organs
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Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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Salivary glands secrete...
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Saliva
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The liver produces...
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Bile.
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The gallbladder stores...
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Bile
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What does the pancreas produce and secrete?
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Digestive juice (Pancreatic juice)
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What is the function of accessory organs?
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To secrete different substances to help breakdown food.
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Structures in the alimentary canal.
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Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
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Function of the mouth.
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Mechanical breakdown of food, begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates.
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Function of pharynx.
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Connect mouth with esophagus.
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The stomach secretes...
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Acid and enzymes.
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Main site of nutrient absorption.
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Small intestine.
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This structure absorbs water and electolytes to form feces.
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Large intestine.
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Pathway to the stomach.
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Esophagus.
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What does the muscular layer of the esophagus do?
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Contract.
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What does the epiglottis do?
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Prevents food from entering the trachea.
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Define peristalsis.
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Wave like contractions that push food.
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This structure closes and keeps acidic substances from entering the stomach.
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Esophageal sphincter.
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What do chief cells secrete?
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Pepsinogen.
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What do parietal cells secrete?
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Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
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What do goblet cells secrete?
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Mucous
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What are the layers of the stomach?
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An outer longitudal layer and an inner circular layer.
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Function of small intestine.
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Absorption.
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The simpler the substance, the further more up/down (?) in the small intestine.
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Up
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Amino acids and carbohydrates are absorbed through...
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Villi
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Structures in the small intestine.
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Duodenum, jejum, ileum
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What does the intrinsic factor do?
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Protects B12 from acid in stomach so it can be absorbed.
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This structure absorbs water and some electrolytes
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Large intestine.
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Parasympathetic / Sympathetic
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Increases activity of digestive system / inhibits certain digestive actions.
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Substances absorped in the stomach.
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Some water, certain salts, certain lipid soluble drugs, alcohol.
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Types of teeth and function.
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Incisors - rip and tear
Canine Premolar Molars - Grind |
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Pancreas' dual function.
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Endocrine - release of insulin and glucagon
Exocrine - secretes digestive juice |
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What is bile made up of?
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Water, bile salts, electolytes, cholesterol.
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Function of bile salts.
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Aid digestive enzymes and help absorb fat soluble vitamins.
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What is segmentation.
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Circular muscular fibers close up so chyme can be better absorbed.
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Layers of the wall of the alimentary canal.
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Mucosa - protects, epithelium
Submucosa - Nourished surrounding tissues, connective Muscular Layer - Movement of tube, smooth Serosa - Protection, epithelium |
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Controls secretions
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Submucosal plexus
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Increases surface area for absorption
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Villi
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