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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 types of pneumothorax based on etiology
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spontaneous
traumatic |
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2 types of pneumothorax based on physiologic effect
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simple
tension |
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most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
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rupture of bulla or bleb
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sx of a large spontaneous pneumothorax
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acute ipsilateral chest pain and dyspnea
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xray findings of pneumothorax
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visualization of pleura
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sx of small pneumothorax
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usually asymptomatic
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spontaneous pneumos are more common in what population
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young male smokers
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pneumothoraxs that spontaneosly resolve will do so faster if given what
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humidified 100% oxygen
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when is thoracotomy indicated in pneumo treatment
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repeated episodes
failure of reexpansion after 5 days |
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where to insert chest tube (thoracostomy) for pneumo tx
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2nd interspace mid clav. line
5th interspace mid axillary line |
|
2 types of pneumothorax based on etiology
|
spontaneous
traumatic |
|
2 types of pneumothorax based on physiologic effect
|
simple
tension |
|
most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
|
rupture of bulla or bleb
|
|
sx of a large spontaneous pneumothorax
|
acute ipsilateral chest pain and dyspnea
|
|
xray findings of pneumothorax
|
visualization of pleura
|
|
sx of small pneumothorax
|
usually asymptomatic
|
|
spontaneous pneumos are more common in what population
|
young male smokers
|
|
pneumothoraxs that spontaneosly resolve will do so faster if given what
|
humidified 100% oxygen
|
|
when is thoracotomy indicated in pneumo treatment
|
repeated episodes
failure of reexpansion after 5 days |
|
where to insert chest tube (thoracostomy) for pneumo tx
|
2nd interspace mid clav. line
5th interspace mid axillary line |
|
what is chemical pleurodosis
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sclerosing agent injected into pleural space to create adhesion
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most common site of bleeding in a hemothorax
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intercostal or internal mammory artery
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tx of hemothorax
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IV fluid line THEN
chest tube |
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what is a tension pneumothorax
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pneumothorax where the air is under pressure
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CV complications involved in a tension pneumothorax
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superior vena cava is kinked decreasing preload and CO
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x ray findings in tension pneumo
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tracheal shift away from pneumo
compression of contra. lung |
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complications of tension pneumo
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death
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tx of tension pneumo
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decompression to convert to simple
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most common finding at autopsy of pt who die in car accident
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cardiac rupture
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x ray findings of aortic transection
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widened mediastinum
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most common anatomical site of an aortic transection
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ligamentum arteriosum distal to the L. subclavian a.
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sx of aortic dissection
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severe chest/back pain
chest wall fracture steering wheel impression |
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sx of myocardial contusion
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unexplained tachycardia
new BBB |
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causes of cardiac tamponade
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blunt chest trauma
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becks triad and what does it indicate
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muffled heart sounds
hypotension distended neck veins -cardiac tamponade |
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risk factors for aortic aneurysm
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hypertension
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sx of aortic dissection
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pain
xray abnormalities variation in pulse or BP |
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type of fluid in pleural space in CHF
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transudate
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exudate is contained within pleural space in what etiologies
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pnuemonia
cancer |
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fluid wit low specific gravity (exudate of transudate)
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transudate
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causes increased hydrostatic pressure and can lead to pleural effusion
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CHF
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causes decreased oncotic pressure and can lead to pleural effusion
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nephrotic syndrome
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increases vascular permeability and leads to pleural effusion
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inflammation
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impairs lymphatic drainage and leads to pleural effusion
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malignancy
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bloody effusion often indicates what
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malignancy
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xray findings in pleural effusion
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upright: loss of costophrenic angles
decubitis: horizontal line on dependent side |
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most common cause of chylothorax
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malignancy
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what is a parapneumonic effusion
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effusion caused by a pneuomonia
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what is an empyema
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pleural effusion due to infection
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sx of an aerobic empyema
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rapid onset
chest pain febrile |
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onset of an anaerobic empyema
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slow
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three stages of empyema
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exudative
fibropurulent chronic |
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tx of empyema
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drainage
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most common type of primary pleural tumor
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mesothelioma
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anterior mediastinal tumors
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thymoma
teratoma thyroid terrible lymphoma |
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middle mediastinal masses
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aortic aneurysm
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mediastinal masses
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sympathetic ganglion tumors
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