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48 Cards in this Set

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Where is the male nipple usually located?
the 4th intercostal space along the mid-clavicular line
Where is the female nipple located?
indefinite location after puberty
What is the platysma muscle?
A skeletal muscle of facial expression which extends from the mandible to upper thorax, just inferior to the clavicle
What does the supraclavicular nerves (C3-C4) from the cervical plexus innervate?
skin of 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces
where are the intercostal nerves of the breast?
T1-T7
Where is the female breast located vertically?
From ribs 2-6
where is the female breast located horizontally?
from sternum to mid-axillary line
Where is the female breast contained?
within the superficial fascia
How many openings for the lactiferous ducts does the nipple contain?
15-20
Each lactiferous duct drains milk from what?
one mammary gland
What is the areola?
area of pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple
What composes the breast?
mammary glands (15-20)
fatty connective tissue
suspensory ligaments and septa which seperate the lobules from one another
What are the arteries of the breast?
lateral thoracic
intercostal
internal thoracic
What are the veins of the breasts?
internal thoracic
axillary vein
What do the intercostal arteries run parallel to?
The ventral ramus
What goes up to the brain and crosses to the opposite side?
Sensory nerves
What doe the suspensory ligaments of the breast do?
Help support the weight of the breast and hold it up
What goes up to the brain and crosses to the opposite side?
Sensory nerves
What is the septum?
Connective tissue to acts as a septum (partition)
What goes up to the brain and crosses to the opposite side?
Sensory nerves
What doe the suspensory ligaments of the breast do?
Help support the weight of the breast and hold it up
Most lymph vessels in the breast converge on what?
the subareolar lymph plexus beneath the skin of the areola
What doe the suspensory ligaments of the breast do?
Help support the weight of the breast and hold it up
What is the septum?
Connective tissue to acts as a septum (partition)
75% of the breast lymph goes where?
the pectoral nodes
What is the septum?
Connective tissue to acts as a septum (partition)
Most lymph vessels in the breast converge on what?
the subareolar lymph plexus beneath the skin of the areola
75% of the breast lymph goes where?
the pectoral nodes
Most lymph vessels in the breast converge on what?
the subareolar lymph plexus beneath the skin of the areola
75% of the breast lymph goes where?
the pectoral nodes
Where do the pectoral nerves drain into?
The axillary nodes
25% of the lymph goes where?
infraclavicular, parasternal, contralateral and abdominal nodes
Pectoralis major-origin, insertion, innervation and actions
Pg. 22
Pectoralis minor-origin, insertion, innervation and action
pg. 22
The anterior axillary fold is formed by what?
inferior border of the
The anterior axillary fold is formed by what?
The inferior border of the pectoralis major muscle
What forms the Deltopectoral triangle?
Formed by the clavicle superiorly, the deltoid muscle laterally, and the pectoralis major muscle medially.
What is contained in the deltopectoral triangle?
The Cephalic vein
What causes the breasts rounded contour?
Deposition of fat
Where is the fat found at?
Found within the suspensory ligaments of Cooper
Clinical Correlation for the breast-
with an advanced malignant tumor of the breast, it is probable that the tumor will invade the pectoralis major muscle and its fascia. This condition results in a fixation of the breast lesion to the chest wall. In addition, with invasion of the suspensory ligaments of Cooper, a characteristic dimpling of the skin results, due to shortening of these suspensory ligaments. With metastasis of malignant tissue, lymphatic drainage of the breast becomes vitally important.
What nerves innervate the platysma?
The seventh cranial nerve (fascial nerve)
Where are the lateral cutaneous branches located?
mid-axillary line and are considerably larger
Where does the pec. major insert?
humerous
The lateral pectoral nerve innervates what muscle?
Pec Major
The medial pectoral nerve innervates what?
Botht the pec major and minor
Where does the thoracoacromial artery originate?
axillary artery
Clinical correlation-
There are numerous ways to perform a mastectomy. The least difficult procedure is the "simple" mastectomy which involves removal of the breast only. A radical mastecomy is a more extensive procedure which involves not only the removal of the breast, but also removal of the pectoralis major and pec minor