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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fresh water weighs _____
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8.33 lbs or 62.5 lb/ft3
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specific heat
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measure of heat absorbing capacity of a substance
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latent heat of vaporization
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amount of heat absorbed by substance when it changes from liquid to vapor
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Each pound of water requires ___btu of additional heat to convert to steam
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970
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one gallon of water will absorb _____ of heat if all the water is converted to steam
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9,346 btu
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at 212 degrees water expands approximately ____ times its original volume
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1700
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specific gravity
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the density of liquids in relation to water
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the weight of 1 cubic foot of water is ___
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62.5 lbs
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a 1 sq inch column of water one foot high exerts ____ at its base
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.434 psi
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Principles of pressure
1. fluid is ________to any surface on which it acts |
perpindicular
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Principles of pressure
2. fluid pressure at a point at rest is the _____ in all directions |
same
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Principles of pressure
3. pressure applied to a confined fluid from without is _________________________ |
transmitted equally in all directions
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Principles of pressure
4. the pressure of a liquid in an open container is ____________to its depth |
proportional
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Principles of pressure
5. the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is ___________ to the density of the liquid. |
proportional
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Principles of pressure
6. the pressure of a liquid at the bottom of a vessel is _______ of the shape of the vessel |
independent
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atmospheric pressure
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14.7 psi
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a pressure of 1 psi makes a column of mercury ____ high
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2.04 inches
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psig reads _____
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psi in addition to atmospheric pressure
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psia reads
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actual atmospheric pressure
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calculating head pressure
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height divided by 2.304
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static pressure
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stored potential energy
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residual pressure
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part of the total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss. what is left
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The center line of a pump or the bottom of a static water supply source above or below groundd level
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elevation
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the position of an object above or below sea level
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altitude
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atmospheric pressure drops by ____ every thousand feet
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.5 psi
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1st principal of friction loss
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if all conditions remain the same, FL varies directly with the length of hose
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2nd principle of FL
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when hoses are the same size, friction loss varies approx with the square of the increase in the velocity of flow
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3rd principle of FL
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for the same discharge, FL varies inversely as th fifth power of the diameter of the hose
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4th principle of FL
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for a given flow velocity, FL is approx the same, regardless of the pressure on the water
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when the diameter of a hose ____ the area of the hose opening increases _______
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doubles, four times
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recommended supply size for fire hydrant mains in residential areas
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6"
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residential and business areas should have ___" cross connecting mains every ____'
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8, 600
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recommended size of hydrant supply main in business and industrial areas
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8"
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___" mains may be used on long mains not cross connected at frequent points
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12"
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average amount of water used in a system over 1 year
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average daily consumption
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max total amount of water that was used during any 24 hour period over 3 years
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maximum daily consumption
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maximum amount of water used in any 1 hour interval over the course of a day
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peak hourly consumption
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solid stream mozzles length is ________times its diameter
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1- 1.5 times
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solid stream handline ____psi
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50
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solid stream master stream ___psi
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80
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GPM formula
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29.7x d2 x sq rt NP
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most constant flow nozzles should be operated at -___psi
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100
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minimum flow setting for interior structural firefighting is_____
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95-100 gpm
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high pressure fog nozzles operate at up to ____psi and flow ____gpm
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800, 8-15gpm
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maximum amount of water you can safely flow through a handline ______
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350 gpm
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smooth bore master stream operated at ____ and fog master operated at ______
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80psi, 100psi
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master stream flows are usually _____ or grreater
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350 gpm
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at a pressure of 100 psi a chimney nozzle usually produces ____ gpm
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1.5-3
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practical working limits of velocity of fire streams
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60-120 feet per second
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solid stream nozzles operated at 50 psi with a tip up to
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1.5"
larger than that psi raised to 65 |
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nozzle reaction formula for solid stream
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NR= 1.57xd2xNP
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nozzle reaction formula for fog
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NR=0.0505xQx sq rt NP
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friction loss equation
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FL=CQ2L
Q divided by 100 L divided by 100 |
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1 3/4 with 1 1/2 couplings coefficient
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15.5
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2 1/2 " coefficient
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2
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5" coefficient
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.08
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4" coefficient
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0.2
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1" booster coefficient
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150
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appliance FL only counted with flow over _____
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350 gpm
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appliance FL when flowing over 350 gpm
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10 psi
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FL in master stream appliance regardless of flow
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25 psi
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elevation formula for height
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EP=0.5H (height)
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elevation formula for stories
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EP=5psi x (number of stories minus 1)
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FL in equal length hoselines whose diameters are the same ______
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perform calc on only one line
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siamesed hose lines of equal length have FL of ____ that of a single hoseline at same pressure
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25%
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three siamesed hoselines have FL ____ of that of s single line with same nozzle pressure
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10%
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FL with multiple uneven lines is based on ______
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the highest loss
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aerial devices have FL of _____
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25 psi
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pump discharge pressure formula
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PDP=NP+TPL
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net pump discharge pressure
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actual presure produced by pump
discharge pressure minus intake pressure |
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NFPA 1901 allows flowmeters to be used instead of pressure gauges on all disharges ___to___
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1.5-3"
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flowmeters should be accurate to a tolerance of _____
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+or- 3%
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multi cylinder piston pumps can provide pressures up to ___ for high pressure fog
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1000 psi
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amount of water a rotary gear pump can priduce depends on______
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the size of pockets in the gears and speed of rotation
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one of the most common types of pumps used to prime centrifugal pumps is ____
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rotary vane pump
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centrifugal pump impeller does what
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transmits energy in the form of velocity to the water
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centrifugal pump casing does what
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collects water and confines it in order to convert velocity into pressure
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doubling the speed of the impeller results in ___times as much pressure
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4
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single stage centrigugal pumps provide up to _____gpm
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2000
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pumping in parallel provides more ____
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volume
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pumping in series provides more_____
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pressure
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most pump manufacturers reccomen keeping pump in ____ position until you have to flow more than ____ rated capacity
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series (pressure), two thirds
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maximum discharge pressure that changeover valve should be operated at is______
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50 psi
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pumping capacity of auxilliary engine driven pumps is generally ____
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500 gpm
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with engine idling and pump engaged most speedometers will read _______
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10-15 mph
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the piping system and pump must be able to withstand a hydrostatic test of ___psi
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500
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pumpers with capacity of 500gpm or less should be capable of flowing _____ from their booster tank
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250 gpm
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pumpers with capacity greater than 500 gpm should be able to flow at least _____
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500 gpm
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apparatus with pump capacity of 750 gpm or greater must have ____ _____ discharges
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at least two 2.5"
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apparatus with water tanks less than 1000 gallons must have a ___" tank fill line
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2"
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pressure control devices must operate within ___to___ seconds after pressure rises and cannot exceed ____ above set level
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3-10, 30psi
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master intake gauge is calibrated from ___to___ positive pressure and ___to___ vacuum
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0-600 psi, 0-30 inches
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as vacuum reading approaches ___ pump is near its max capacity
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20"
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