Ecclesiology 2 Flash Cards

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Title: Ecclesiology 2
Description: This is the second test.
Number of Cards: 40
Save Count: 0
Author: phersho0311
Created: 2007-10-25
Tags: ecclesiology for question
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • 1. How does the Gospel of MATTHEW understand CHURCH?
    • 1. The New Covenant people of God formed by the new Moses.
      2. The community receives teaching which fulfills the Mosaic law and bears fruit beyond the scribes and Pharisees.
      3. The Church is founded upon Peter.
      4. It has rules and procedures for discipline within the ekklesia.
      5. is called to make disciples of all nations.
    • 2. How does the Gospel of MARK understand CHURCH?
    • 1. A community constituted by the Risen Lord
      2. Which acknowledges the importance of “the Twelve”
      3. It focused on service and carrying the cross according to the pattern of Christ.
    • 3. How does the Gospel of LUKE understand CHURCH?
    • 1. A little flock led by Jesus and the Holy Spirit. to the fulfillment of messianic hopes
      2. Humility and missionary effort are emphasized.
      3. “The Twelve” and the central role of Peter are highlighted.
    • 4. How does the Gospel of JOHN understand CHURCH?
    • 1. It is a mystical communion,
      guided by the Spirit,and worshiping in spirit and truth. He imaged as a sheepfold or vine in Christ, the living temple of the Lord.
      2. It is nn the world but not of the world,( they are sent as missionaries into the world).
    • 5. What is common to all four Gospels in the understanding of Church?
    • 1. It is brought into being by the death and resurrection of Christ,
      2. It waits for imminent return as new temple worshiping in spirit and truth,
      3. It is missionary in nature,
      4. It defines authority as service in the manner of Christ's self-giving,
      5. It shows prominent roles for Peter and the Twelve.
    • 6. What is significant re: Church in the post-resurrection expansion of Church in Acts?
    • The young Church in Acts is structured, charismatic, Apostolic, missionary, with believers who call on the Name of the Lord and follow a Way leading to salvation.
    • 7. Indicate key elements of Paul's understanding of Ekklesia.
    • 1. In Paul, Ekklesia: Always refer to “believers” / ”saints” / ”holy ones” rather than a place or location.
      2. Refers to a particular house church, a grouping of churches, or all the churches in Christ.
      3. Also used for “an assembly that has come together.”
    • 8. What does Clement of Rome contribute to the understanding of Church?
    • 1. He spoke of a “sojourning” church.
      2. He saw the church as united under Christ and compared it to an army under the emperor’s command.
      3. His sense of apostolic succession is similar to the Levitical priesthood.
    • 9. What does Ignatius of Antioch contribute to the understanding of Church?
    • 1. He was the first to use the term “The Catholic Church” in Christian literature and described church unity as rooted in the bishop.
      2. His referred to this unity as a monarchical episcopacy.
    • 10. What does Irenaeus of Lyons contribute to the understanding of Church?
    • 1. He described the standard criteria for apostolicity.
      2. He mentions that the episcopate is founded with the apostles and is continued in their successors.
      3. The New Testament and the canon of truth handed down by the apostles provide the essentials of the faith and it’s validly passed on in their successors.
    • 11. What does Cyprian of Carthage contribute to the understanding of Church?
    • 1. He was the first to say that there is no salvation outside the Church
    • 12. What does Augustine of Hippo contribute to the understanding of Church?
    • 1. Augustine discusses ecclesiology as related to the Trinity with the Spirit as the bond of the believers. He promoted that our reflection/participation in the unity of the Triune God is realized/signified in the Eucharist.
    • 13. How “apostle” is basically understood in Paul?
    • 1. An apostle is one who has, Seen the Lord, Been called by the Lord, Been sent by the Lord
    • 14. How is “apostle” basically understood in Luke-Acts/Peter?
    • 1. An apostle is one who has, Seen the Lord, Been called by the Lord, Been sent by the Lord; AND lived with the Lord during his earthly ministry
    • 15. What is the overall KEY understandings of extra ecclesiam nulla salus from the Church Fathers before Augustine regarding (a) Christians (b) Jews (c) Pagans (d) Heretics?
    • 1. Salvation is offered to Jews and Gentiles, but not to Christians in heresy or schism, or Jews and Pagans who should know better.
    • 16. What KEY very consequential contribution does Augustine make to this understanding?
    • 1. Distinguishes between the visible and invisible Church (no one can tell who is inside or outside the Church)
      2. He relates Church to the Trinity with Spirit as bond of believers and Eucharist as its sign/realization
      3. Teaches on Foreknowledge/Pre-destination concerning those who will and will not be saved
      4.Teaches on Faith/Baptism as necessary for salvation [those who have never heard the gospel and those who by reason of their infancy are incapable of faith are damned (limbo)]
    • 17. What contribution does Stephen I (mid 3rd century) make?
    • 1. Stephen I adopts “cathedra Petri” from Cyprian of Carthage (who referred to all truly “catholic” bishops with the bishop of Rome as “guardian” of unity)
    • 18. What controversial claim appears at Constantinople I (381)?
    • It recognized Constantinople as first in honor after Rome.
    • 19. What claim does Leo the Great make which becomes significantly controversial?
    • He asserted the primacy of the Roman See, arguing from the primacy of Peter among the apostles, upon whom Jesus bestowed more power and authority.
    • 20. What is the difference (East-West) between apostolicity and accommodation?
    • Apostolicity refers to the Apostolic origin of a particular see, while accommodation refers to the status of that see within the empire.
    • 21. What major claim does Gelasius (492) make re: Church-State relations?
    • His theory was that two powers governed the world- “the consecrated authority” of the bishops (centering on the pope) (spiritual) and the “royal power” of the emperors (temporal). Each was a trust from God, sovereign and independent in its own sphere, but the spiritual sphere was inherently superior since it provided for the salvation of the temporal.
    • 22. What major agendas does Justinian (567) have re: East-West relations in ecclesiology?
    • Justinian asserted the equality of the East and the West with the “two Romes” idea, and established a pentarchy with the five Sees.
    • 23. What major controversy arises with Eastern Emperor Leo in the 8th century and what is at stake?
    • Emperor Leo initiates iconoclasm and Gregory III’s objection leads Leo to remove Greece, Dalmatia, S. Italy and Sicily from Pope’s jurisdiction. The Pope then turned to the temporal power of the Franks in order to defend and reacquire the authority over the land taken away from him by Leo.
    • 24. Why is the mid-8th century creation of the sanctae Dei ecclesaie respubica (or donation of Pepin or papal states) significant for East-West relations?
    • Frankish monarchs give pope a half-share in Italian peninsula and the east is aghast at Rome’s extended practical entanglement in political reign. In West, several Roman families begin attempts to make papacy a family possession. Because of the West’s increasing temporal power, it began to care less about the East and was no longer in need of their assistance.
    • 25. When Photius became Patriarch (858) what primarily sparked resurgence of East-West conflicts?
    • It was the highest degree of “papalism” admitted by the East. (4 other patriarchates would not act without the fifth patriarchate, which was Rome.)
    • 26. What (if any) legitimate grounds did the East have to object to addition of filioque to the Creed?
    • It was not a part of the original Constantinopolitan Creed, but was added at Toledo in 589 by a local council. The East argued that it was not added by the whole church but only in Charlemagne’s territory. The Pope’s actions were considered Latin “aggression” by the Eastern Emperor on account of the fact that they changed the Creed.
    • 27. How did use of unleavened bread (azymes) for Eucharist become an East-West issue?
    • To assert authority and bring a consistency to worship, Michael Kerullarios (1052) decided on Eucharistic consistency in Constantinople and extends ban on unleavened bread to the Armenian Churches. He informs the pope and the pope disapproves.
    • 28. What solidified re: East-West possibilities of reunion after the sack Constantinople in 1204?
    • For the West: the subordination of eastern hierarchs to pope.
      For the East: the restoration of the Roman patriarchate to first place among the ‘5’.
    • 29. How would you characterize Innocent III’s approach to East-West relations in ecclesiology?
    • For Innocent III, reunion was the subordination of the eastern hierarchs to the pope. In stressing this, he insisted on the title “Vicar of Christ,” setting himself as the midway between God and man, below God but above man and government.
      He declared himself as the head of all the Patriarchs of the East and that the bishops of East should be Latin and that the Byzantine liturgy could be tolerated.
    • 30. How did poenis purgatoriis seu cathartiis come to be added to the list of theological reasons for division between East & West (i.e., along with plenitudo potestatis, filioque, azymnes )?
    • In a move toward reunion, Pope Clement IV sent a possible profession of common faith to Michael VIII, who had not heard of it before and in turn rejected it.
    • 31. Why did attempts at ecclesial reunion with the East fail after (Basel-Ferrera) Florence in 1439?
    • The Greeks saw that the Roman Liturgy lacked explicit epiclesis in their consecratory prayer.
    • 32. Where did John of Paris get his ideas for De sacerdotio et regno in the early 1300’s?
    • From Jerome’s “Orbis maior est urbe,” which made a distinction between the pope as a person and the papacy as an institution.
    • 33. What three basic perspectives emerged re: Church-State in the 14th century?
    • 1. The secular is subordinate to ecclesiastical,
      2. the ecclesiastical is subordinate to the secular, and
      3. the ecclesiastical/secular are parallel powers and autonomous in their respective spheres.
    • 34. How was episcopalism different from conciliarism at Constance?
    • 1. “episcopalism” - authority from episcopal ordination
      2. “conciliarism” – authority as an episcopal representative of a region
    • 35. What major change in the Church mandated by Constance did not occur (to detriment of all)?
    • The Church was to be reformed in both head and members.
    • 36. What did Trent primarily emphasize re: the Church in response to the Protestant Reformers
    • 1. Emphasized the VISIBLE ASPECTS of Church attacked by Reformers:
      2. Reacted AGAINST perception of Reformers that visible community is not the true church but an organization helpful for entering church of justified elect.
      3. The Church responds that it is a societas perfecta, a society having within itself all means necessary for attainment of ends.
    • 37. What famous comment of Bellarmine typifies the emphasis of Tridentine Reform?
    • The Church is as visible and palpable as the assembly of the Roman people or the kingdom of France or the republic of Venice.
    • 38. What tasks accomplished after Trent are similar to tasks accomplished after Vatican II?
    • There was a catechism, a new breviary, a new Roman Missal, and a new Code of Canon Law.
    • 39. What do Gallicanism, Febronianism, and Josephinism have in common regarding the Church?
    • They want to confine the Pope’s authority to spiritual matters and impose the power of the state over the Church.
    • 40. What primary change in the understanding of Church occurs with the Enlightenment?
    • The Church becomes an ethical instructor and not sacramental or transcendent.