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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the four basic tissue types?
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epithelium, connective, muscle and nervous
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what are epithelial tissues?
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2) Epithelial tissues are a physical barrier to maintain internal homeostasis and protect underlying tissues. The epithelium acts as a lining for internal and external surfaces of organs and the external body.
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what does the basement membrane do?
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seperates the epithelium from other tissue
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what are four charasteristics of epithelial tissue?
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circular, polarity, basement membrane and avascular
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what kind of polarity do epithelial tissue have?
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They have apical and basal sides.
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what is the basement membrane made up of?
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Basal lamina and extra cellular components.
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what makes up the extracellular matrix?
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ground substance (glycosaminoglycaans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins), Fibers (elastic and collagen) and extracellular fluid.
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what are the three categories to describe epithelia?
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cell shape, number and surface modifications.
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what are the four cell shapes for epithelial cells?
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squamous, columnar, cuboidal and transitional
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what are the categories for the numbers of layers?
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simple, stratified and pseudostratified.
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what are the five surface modifications in epithelial tissue?
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cilia, microvilli, stereocilia, keratinization and goblet cells.
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what are cilia?
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motile and large. Found in the trachea, bronchi and oviducts.
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what are microvilli?
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non-motile and increase surface area for absorption. Found in the intestines and kidney.
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what are stereocili?
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long microvilli which are non-motile and thus misnamed. Found in epididymis, ductus deferens and inner ear.
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what is keratinization?
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a protein produced by cells called keratin which provides waterproofing and protection.
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what are goblet cells?
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A mucus producing gland.
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Are sterocili missnamed?
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Yes, they are actually microvili.
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what are the different types of epithelia?
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transitional, endothelium and mesothelium.
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where do you find transitoinal tissue?
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Only in urinary tract.
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what kind of cells make up endothelium tissue?
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Simple squamous epithelium.
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what order do you use when you are naming epithelial cells?
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number of layers, cell shape and surface modifications (ex. pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells).
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what side of the cell do you look at to classify it?
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apical
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what makes up the granadular epithleium?
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secretory cells that arise as ingrowths of the epithelium.
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What type of cells do you find int he grandular epithelium?
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endocrine and exocrine
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what are exocrine cells?
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These are cells that secrete into ducts
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what are endocrine cells?
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These are ductless cells. (fluid to blood)
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define carcinoma
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Tumor derived from epithelial tissue.
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define dysplasia
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Irreversible change from tissue type. This is precancerous.
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define metaplasia
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Reversible change from one tissue type. This is Secondary to chronic inflammation or trauma
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define hyperplasia
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Increase in cell number
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define hypertrophy
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The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells
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