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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication involves
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encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages
A message A sender who expresses the message A receiver who responds to the message |
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Functions of communication
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Narrating
Explaining/informing Requesting Expressing |
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The five dimensions of language:
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Phonology-Rules determining how sounds can be sequenced
Morphology-Rules for the meaning of sounds (e.g., un, pro, con) Syntax-Rules for a language’s grammar Semantics- Rules for the meaning of words Pragmatics-Rules for communication |
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Language is a formalized code that
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a group of people use to communicate
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Speech sounds are the product of four related processes:
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Respiration-Breathing that provides power
Phonation-Production of sound by muscle contraction Resonation-Sound quality shaped by throat Articulation-Formation of recognizable speech by the mouth |
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Most children follow a relatively predictable sequence in their acquisition of speech and language
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Birth to 6 months: Communication by smiling, crying, and babbling
7 months to 1 year: Babbling becomes differentiated 1 to 1.6 years: Learns to say several words 1.6 to 2 years: Word “spurt” begins 2 to 3 years: Talks in sentences, vocabulary grows 3 years on: Vocabulary grows |
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Knowledge of normal language development can help determine whether a child is
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developing language at a slower-than-normal rate or whether the child shows an abnormal pattern of language development
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ASHA definition of speech disorders
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An impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts of verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbols systems
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IDEA definition of speech disorders
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A communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance
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Types of speech impairments
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Articulation disorders
Fluency disorders Voice disorders |
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Language disorders
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Difficulty understanding language: receptive language disorder
Difficulty producing language: expressive language disorder |
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Communication differences are not disorders
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The way each of us speaks is the result of a complex mix of influences (like what?)
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A little more than __ of school-age children receive special education for speech and language impairments
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2%
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How many children recieving special education services are served in the area
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Over 21% of all children receiving special education services are served in this category
The second largest disability category under IDEA |
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Children with articulation and spoken language problems represent the
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largest category of speech-language impairments.
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Causes of Speech Disorders
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Cleft palate
Paralysis of the speech muscles Absence of teeth Craniofacial abnormalities Enlarged adenoids Traumatic brain injury Neuromuscular impairments |
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Causes of Language Disorders
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Cognitive limitations or mental retardation
Hearing impairments Behavioral disorders Environmental deprivation |
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Speech sound errors
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Distortions
Substitutions Omissions Additions |
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Fluency disorders
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Stuttering is an example of a fluency disorder
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Voice disorders
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A phonation disorder causes the voice to sound breathy, hoarse, husky, or strained
Resonance disorders are hypernasality or hyponasality (what’s that?) |
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Language impairments
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An expressive language impairment interferes with production of language
A receptive language impairment interferes with understanding of language |
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Communication disorders are usually first identified by
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teacher observations
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The speech-language pathologist is the professional with the
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primary responsibility for identifying, evaluating, and providing services
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Evaluation components include a
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physical examination and testing
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Treating speech sound errors
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Articulation errors and phonological errors:
Discrimination and production activities Fluency disorders: Behavioral principles and self-monitoring Voice disorders Direct vocal rehabilitation or surgery Language disorders: Exploration of expressive language, naturalistic interventions Augmentative and alternative communication |
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The vast majority of children with speech and language impairments are served in
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regular classrooms
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Some examples of service delivery models:
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Monitoring
Pullout Collaborative consultation Classroom-based Self-contained classroom Community-based |
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distortion
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the sound is not wuite right
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Basics of how hearing happens
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stimulas creates vibration and the vibration creates sound waves which then the ear and is interpreted by the brain
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Otitis Media
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Middle ear infection
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20/200
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a person can see at 20 feet what a normal person can see at 200 feet
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ADHD id not
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an educational service. Not Idea recognized
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encoding
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putting an idea into a format that another person can understand
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Semantics
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Situation where a word can change its meaning depending on how its used
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pragmatics
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phone voice, eye contact, or what is exspected of you
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Dialect
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word choice and expressions that mean certain things
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Fluency
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speed
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accent
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diff articulation from different parts of the country
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example of functional behavior assesment
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Child freaks out in a candy store because he wants the candy. The candy is the function.
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Manefestation determination
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Determining whether the action is done because of the disability or not.
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