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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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PHONOLOGY
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• The sounds of a language
• English has 45 phonemes • English is not a tonal language |
• Rare phonemes: ▫ Th think and that ▫ Xths sixths |
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Phonemes of English
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• Vowels
• Consonants (voiced and unvoiced) • Semi-vowels (w and y) • No clicks, no guttural sounds |
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GRAMMAR
• The rules of a language. (part 1/2) |
• 1. Syntax
▫ Order in which sentences are delivered (n/v, adj/noun) ▫ The dog bit John. ▫ John bit the dog. |
Syntax continued . . . • Open and closed classes of words: • Open: nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives • Closed: prepositions, conjunctions |
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GRAMMAR
• The rules of a language. (part 1/2) |
Morphology
• The smallest meaning-bearing unit of language • Bound: must be attached to another word • Unbound: can stand alone with meaning |
Bound morphemes: • -s • -es • -ing • pre- • un- • dis- • re- • A syllable is not necessarily a morpheme: ▫ dislike & distance |
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SEMANTICS
• Word meaning (vocabulary) |
▫ Develops over time
▫ Adults: 100,000 word vocabularies ▫ Kindergarten: 5000 word vocabularies ▫ Grade 1: 11,000 word vocabularies ▫ Grade 5: 38,000 word vocabularies |
Semantics continued . . . • I don’t wear perfume . • The flowers perfume the air. • The convict did not escape. • Will the jury convict the accused? • He has a collection of old records . • She will record the conversation. • The subject was not willing to talk. • I won’t subject you to my vacation pictures. |
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PRAGMATICS
• Ability to use language effectively |
pragmatics cont..
• Halliday’s functions of language: ▫ 1. instrumental ▫ 2. regulatory ▫ 3. representational ▫ 4. interactional ▫ 5. personal ▫ 6. heuristic ▫ 7. imaginative |
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PROSODY
• Vocal intonations of speech |
Prosody
▫ 1. Stress ▫ 2. Pitch ▫ 3. juncture |
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H4- Personal:
Language used to express the personal preferences and identity of the speaker. Sometimes referred to as the ‘Here I am!’ function – announcing oneself to the world. |
H5 - Representational: Language used to exchange information. Concerned with relaying or requesting information.
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H6- Heuristic: Language used to learn and explore the environment. Child uses language to learn; this may be questions and answers, or the kind of running commentary that frequently accompanies children’s play. |
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H1-Instrumental:
Language used to fulfil a need on the part of the speaker. Directly concerned with obtaining food, drink and comfort. |
H2- Regulatory:
Language used to influence the behaviour of others. Concerned with persuading / commanding / requesting other people to do things you want. |
H3- Interactional: Language used to develop social relationships and ease the process of interaction. Concerned with the phatic dimension of talk. |
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H7- - Imaginative: Language used to explore the imagination. May also accompany play as children create imaginary worlds, or may arise from storytelling.
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H7
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