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8 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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describe marcus gunn jaw winking phenomenon
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synkinesis between the pterygoid muscles and levator palpebrae - elevation of lid occurs when mouth widens
unknown cause some improve with age |
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where is the lesion in Horner's syndrome? what is the appearance of eyes
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anywhere along sympathetic pathway (sympathetic dilates pupil) therefore pupil is miosed
PTOSIS, MIOSIS, ANHYDROSIS |
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How many neurons carry sympathetic innervation to orbit?
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3
central preganglionic postganglionic |
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describe the pathway of the first (central) neuron in the sympathetic pathway
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commences in hypothalamus
synapses in intermediolateral cell column of lower cervical/upper thoracic spinal cord |
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describe the pathway of the second (preganglionic) neuron in the sympathetic pathway
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travels from the thorax --> behind carotid sheath
synapses in superior ganglion |
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describe the pathway of the third (postganglionic) neuron in sympathetic pathway
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travels along internal carotid artery
innervates: smooth muscle of eyelids, DILATOR, sweat glands, blood vessels |
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Why is it important to differentiate between preganglionic and postganglionic Horner's? How is this done?
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post ganglionic is usually benign
usually done by drop of 4% cocaine - Horner's pupil will not dilate Horner's pupil will dilate with a drop of hydroxyamphetamine (only if damage is central or preganglionic) |
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what is blepharospasm and how is it treated
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involuntary contraction of orbicularis oculi
treated with botox |
