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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
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Name this condition
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Atrial Flutter
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Name this condition
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Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
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Name this condition
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Premature ventricular
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Name this condition
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Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
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Name this condition
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Ventricular Tachycardia
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Name this condition
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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Name this condition
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Torsades de pointes
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Name this condition
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Accelerated Idioventriculare Rhythm
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Name this condition
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First Degree AV Block
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Name this condition
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Morbitz Type II
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Name this condition
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Third Degree AV Block
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Name this condition
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Right Bundle Branch Block
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Name this condition
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Left Bundle Branch Block
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Name this condition
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Left Anterior Hemiblock
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Name this condition
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Left Posterior Hemiblock
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Name this condition
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Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome
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Name this condition
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Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome
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Name this condition
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What does the PR interval measure
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Start of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization
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What does the ST segment record
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The time from the end of ventricular deploarization to the beginning of ventricular repolarization
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What does the QT interval measure
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The time from the start of ventricular deplarization to the end of ventricular repolarization
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What leads make up the "anterior leads"
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V1-V2-V3-V4
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What leads make up the "lateral leads"
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I, AVL, V5, V6
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What leads make up the "inferior leads"
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II, III, AVF
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What is the duration and amplitude of the P wave
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Duration: <.12 seconds, Amplitude: 2.5mm or less
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Where is the P wave normally biphasic
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Lead III and V1
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What is the duration of the PR interval
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.12 to .2 seconds
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What is the normal duration of the QT interval
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.44-.86 seconds. (40% of normal cardiac cycle from 1 R wave to the next)
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What is the normal duration of the QRS complex
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.06 to .12 seconds
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What does the term "R-wave progression" mean
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The R wave get progressivel larger as you proceed across the precordial leads from V1 to V5
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Deep S waves are normally seen in what precordial leads
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Leads V1 and V2
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What leads do you look at to identify the axis
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Leads I and AVF
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The QRS complexes of Lead I and AVF would appear how in left axis deviation
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Lead I - Positive and Lead AVF - Negative
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The QRS complexes of Lead I and AVF would appear how in right axis deviation
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Lead I - Negative and Lead AVF-Positive
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What leads do you look at to diagnose atrial enlargement
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Leads II and V1
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How is right atrial enlargement characterized
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P wave larger than normal in lead II and large upright first portion of biphasic P wave in lead V1 (often caused by lung disease)
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How is left atrial enlargement characterized
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Widdened P wave in lead II with the second portion being at least one small block wide and the biphasic P wave of lead V1 showing the second portion of the P wave dipping below the baseline by at least one small block.
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How is right ventricular hypertrophy recognized
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Right axis deviation and the R wave is larger than the S wave in V1, whereas the S wave is larger than the R wave in V6
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How do you recognize left ventricular hypertrophy
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The R wave in V5 or V6 plus the S wave in V1 or V2 exceeds 35 mm and the R wave in AVL exceeds 13 mm.
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What is normal sinus rhythm rate
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60-100
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What rate do junctional pacemakers typically discharge at
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40-60
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What rate do ventricular pacemeaker cells discharge at
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30-45
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What rate do atrial pacemakers normally discharge at
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60-75
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What non-disease related conditions may cause PSVT
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Alcohol, coffee or sheer excitement
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What can you manually do to slow or terminate PSVT
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Carotid massage
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True or False. Carotid massage increases block in A-flutter
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TRUE
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How can you distinguish a wandering atrial pacemaker from MAT
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MAT has varying P wave shapes and a rate of 100-200 whereas a wandering atrial pacemaker has one P wave shape and a rate less than 100
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How can MAT be distinguished from A-fib
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MAT has easily identifiable P waves occurring before each QRS complex
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When should you worry about PVCs
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Frequent PVCs, a run of 3 or more PVCs, Multiform PVCs, PVCs falling on T waves
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A run of 3 or more PVCs is called what
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Ventricular tachycardia
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A PVC falling on an elongated T wave can produce what
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Torsades de pointes
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Define bigeminy and trigeminy
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Bigminy - ratio of one normal sinus beat to one PVC. Trigeminy-two normal sinus beats for every one PVC
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What is sick sinus syndrome
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Demonstrated by alternating periods of supraventricular tachycardia and bradycardia. Often there is a long pause after the SVT of greater than 4 seconds.
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How is first-degree AV block identified
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PR interval is longer than .2 seconds
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How do you identify Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach)
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PR intervals get progressively longer until a QRS is dropped
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How do you identify Mobitz Type II
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The PR interval does not progressively lengthen but a QRS is suddenly dropped then the pattern repeats
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How do you recognize third degree AV block
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AV dissociation occurs with the P waves occurring at regular intervals and the QRS waves occurring at regular intervals
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What are the criteria for right bundle branch block
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Wide QRS complex, Rabit ears in V1 and V2 with ST segment depression and T wave inversion, reciprocal changes in V5, V6, I and AVL
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What are the criteria for left bundle branch block
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Wide QRS complex, Broad or notched R wave in V5, V6, I and AVL with ST segment depression and T wave inversion
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What axis deviation results from a left anterior hemiblock
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Left axis deviation
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What axis deviation results from a left posterior hemiblock
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Right axis deviation
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What are the criteria for WPW syndrome
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PR interval less than .12 seconds, Wide QRS, Delta waves
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What are the criteria for Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome (LGL)
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PR interval less than .12 seconds, QRS normal, no delta wave
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During an acute MI what 3 stages does an ECG evolve
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T wave peaking followed by T wave inversion, ST segment elevation, Appearance of Q waves
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How do the inverted T waves of an MI differ from ventricular hypertrophy
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In an MI the the inverted T wave is symmetric whereas in ventricular hypertrophy it has a gentle downslope and rapid upslope
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What does ST segment elevation represent
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Injury
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What does the appearance of Q waves indicate
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Cell death has occurred and is diagnostic of MI
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What characteristics confirm a pathologic Q wave
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A duration greater than .04 seconds, the depth of the Q wave must be at least one third the height of the R wave
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What might poor R wave progression indicate
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Anterior infarction
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What area of infarction develops with right coronary artery occlusion
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Inferior infarction
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Lateral wall infarction results from occlusion of what artery
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Left Circumflex artery
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Anterior infarctions are seen in what leads
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Precordial leads
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Tall R waves with ST segment depression in lead V1 indicate what
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Posterior infarction
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How do you distinguish rt. ventricular hypertrophy from a posterior infarction
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Rt. ventricular hypertrophy has a large R wave in V1 like a posterior infarct but it also has rt. axis deviation.
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What are the EKG signs for Angina
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ST segment depression or T wave inversion
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ST segment elevation may be seen in what two cardiac disease states
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Transmural infarction or Prinzmetal's angina
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ST segment depression may be seen in what two cardiac disease states
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Angina or non-Q wave infarction
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Peaked T waves througout all leads means what
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Hyperkalemia
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How does low calcium levels effect the QT interval
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Prolongs it
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How does high calcium levels effect the QT interval
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Shortens it
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How does digitalis effect the EKG
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ST segment depression with flattening or inversion of T wave most prominent in leads with tall R waves
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How does pericardial effusion effect the EKG reading
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Low voltage in all leads
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What is electrical alternans
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The effusion allows the heart to rotate freely in the sac varying the electrical activity with each beat.
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What are the EKG signs of pericarditis
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ST segment elevation and T wave flattening or inversion often seen in far more leads that a localized infarction
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What type of blocks are seen with myocarditis
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Bundle branch blocks and hemiblocks
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What are the EKG signs for an Acute Pulmonary Embolism
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A large S wave in lead I, a deep Q wave in lead III and an inverted T wave in lead III (S1Q3T3)
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Anterior infarctions result from blockage of what artery
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Left anterior descending artery
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Posterior infarctions result from what artery blockage
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Rt. coronary artery or left circumflex artery
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S1 heart sounds represent what and where do they fall on the EKG
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Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves during systole and correspond with the QRS
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S2 heart sounds represent what and where do they fall on the EKG
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Closure of the aortic and pulmonic semilunar valves and fall on the T wave
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Where does the S3 heart sound occur
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Sometime after S2
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Where does the S4 heart sound occur and what does it represent
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Falls on the P wave and represents atrial kick forcing blood into a stiffened ventricle
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Atrial Fibrillation
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Name this condition
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Wenckebach
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Name this condition
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Ischemia
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Name this condition
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Myocardial Infarction
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Name this condition
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