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36 Cards in this Set

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What are the two most common minerals on Earth?
Calcium carbonate and quartz
Which types of rocks are formed from magma?
Igneous rocks
What type of rock is limestone?
Sedimentary
What is relief?
The difference in elevation between two points
Most landforms were formed during what time period?
The quaternary period, consisting of the last 1.8 million years
What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive rock?
Intrusive rock is formed by magma cooling at depths within the crust or mantle.

Extrusive rocks solidify on the surface of the crust.
Which rock has larger crystals: Intrusive or extrusive?
Intrusive rocks have large crystals, extrusive have small crystals.
What are the properties of felsic rocks?
Felsic rocks are higher in aluminum and silica content, and are thus lighter in color and weight than mafic rocks.
What are the properties of mafic rocks?
Mafic rocks are higher in magnesium and iron content, and are heavier by weight and darker in color than felsic rocks.
Which is denser: oceanic or continental crust?
Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
1.Weathering, erosion and deposition of pre-existing rocks
-or-
2.Chemical precipitation from solution
What are the common metamorphic rocks?
Quartite, marble, gneiss, schist and amphibolite
What is gneiss formed from?
Gneiss is metamorphically formed from granite
How thick is the Earth's crust?
The Earth's crust is 70km deep
What are the characteristics of divergent plate boundaries?
Divergent plate boundaries are typically underwater, spreading at 2-8cm per year. Magma from the mantle forms new crust where spreading occurs
What is the equation to find relative humidity?
(Water vapor content)/(Water vapor capacity)
How does the water vapor capacity of an air mass change with it temperature?
As its temperature rises, so does its water vapor capacity
What is the definition of the dew point?
The temperature at which a given mass of air becomes saturated.
How is dew formed?
Dew is formed when a surface radiatively cools until the dew point is reached, at which point moisture condenses on the surface from the air.
What are the three basic types of clouds?
Cumulus, stratus, and cirrus
How are cumulus clouds formed, and what do they look like?
Cumulus when a mass of air rises and hits relatively cold air. They appear white and puffy.
How are stratus clouds formed, and what do they look like?
Stratus clouds are formed when cold air moves over a regions, or when fog rises. They appear as a uniform, low-altitude, horizontal layer.
How are cirrus clouds formed, and what do they look like?
Cirrus clouds form at high altitude from moisture freezing into airborne ice crystals.
What are the properties of advection fog?
Advection fog forms when air moves to a place of high saturation. ( warm air over cool air; chills the air to its dew point)
What are the properties of evaporation fog?
Evaporation fog happens when cold air flows over warm air. Water molecules from warm air evaporate into the cold air.
What are the properties and outcome of upslope fog?
When moist air is forced to a higher elevation. This forces the air to cool and expand, forming stratus clouds. ( fronts)
What is convection?
The vertical transfer of heat from one place to another through the physical movement of air.
What is Orographic lifting?
The uplift of migrating air in response to a physical presence of a topographic barrier.
What is the weather pattern associated with cold fronts?
Clear and warm > clouds appear quickly with gusty winds > heavy rains > the temperature drops and there is clearing.
What is the weather pattern associated with warm fronts?
Cold and high cirrus clouds > clouds drop and thicken > cold rain or snow ( maybe fog) > rain stops and clears > warms.
What makes up the ITCZ?
North and South trade winds converge near the equator causing warm waters and low pressures.
What are the main characteristics of mid latitude cyclones?
They are a migrating center of low pressure, with converging and rising air, spiraling inward and counterclockwise in the northers hemisphere and and clockwise in the southern hem.
What is the wind direction and the location of the Hadley cells?
Located on either side of the equator. Flowing up near the equator and down near the subtropics.
Where is the polar jet stream located and where does it flow?
Located between 30 and 70N. In the summer they stay poleward.
Where is the subtropical jet stream located?
Located between 20 and 50. Can happen with the polar jet stream.
What are the Westerlies?
The Westerlies are winds flowing out of the subtropics to higher latitudes, in either hemisphere.