- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the heart starts to function at the beginning of _____ week
|
4th
|
|
why is it necessary for the heart to begin pumping at such an early stage?
|
nutritional and oxygen demand by the bodies tissues is no longer satisfied by diffusion alone
|
|
what tissues make up the cardiovascular system
|
splanchnic mesoderm - primordium of the heart
paraxial and lateral mesoderm - near otic placodes neural crest cells - primordia of membranous labyrinths of internal ears |
|
define angiogenesis
|
blood vessel development
primordial blood vessels are named for their future fates and relationship to the heart |
|
what is the earliest sign of the heart? when does it occur?
|
Angioblastic cords appear in the 3rd week
paired endothelial strands in cardiogenic mesoderm |
|
describe formation of the early heart
|
angioblastic cords canalize to form heart tubes
heart tubes fuse to form tubular heart late in 3rd week heart beats at 22 to 23 days |
|
what tissue induces the heart formation?
|
anterior endoderm
|
|
what are the function of vitelline veins?
|
return poorly oxygenated blood from yolk sac
|
|
what are the function of umbilical veins
|
carry well oxygenated blood from primordial placenta
|
|
what are the function of common cardinal veins
|
return poorly oxygenated blood from body of embryo
|
|
which umbilical vein disappears at week 7?
|
R umbilical v.
|
|
what is the course of the vitilline vv.?
|
follow yolk stalk into embryo, pass through septum transversum, and enter venous end of heart (sinous venosus)
|
|
what becomes of the septum transversum
|
liver primordium grows into septum transversum, hepatic cords anastamose
hepatic sinusoids link to vitelline veins |
|
what is formed from the R vitelline v.?
|
Hepatic Veins
|
|
what forms the portal vein?
|
from the vitelline veins around the duodenum
|
|
what carries all the blood from the placenta to the embryo after week 7?
|
persistent caudal part of L umbilical vein
|
|
what venous shunt passes the liver and connects the umbilical v to the IVC?
|
Ductus Venosus
|
|
the anterior cardinal vv. connect by anastomosis in week ____ ?
|
8
|
|
what does the cardinal anastomotic shunt become?
|
left brachiocephalic v.
|
|
What forms the SVC (superior vena cava)?
|
R anterior cardinal v. and R common cardinal v.
|
|
what persists in the adult from the posterior cardinal vv.?
|
root of azygos v and common iliac vv.
|
|
what does the posterior cardinal vv. become before disappearing
|
vessels of mesonephroi (transitory kidneys)
|
|
if a PT suffers from a defective gonadal v., what structure was effected in the embryo? what other structures come from this embryologic vessel
|
subcardinal vv.
L renal v. and suprarenal v. |
|
if a PT has defective Azygos or hymiazygous vv. what structure was effected prior to the fetus stage?
|
Supracardinal vv.
|
|
what is the order in which the cardinal vv. develop in the hyman embryo
|
primordial vv of trunk are present, umbilical vv (from chorion, vitelline v (yolk sack), cardinal vv (from body of embryo). SUBcardinal vv. are next to appear, then SUPRAcardinal vv. appear
|
|
what other structures may be affected if the supracardinal vv. are defective during development?
|
Inferior part of the IVC (formed from R supracardinal v.)
|
|
what does the subcardinal anastamosis form?
|
IVC superior to suprarenal and renal vv, and joins the subsupracardinal anastamosis to the inferior portion of IVC
|
|
What segments compose the IVC in the embryo?
|
Hepatic segment
Prerenal segment - from subcardinal v. Renal Segment - from subcardinal and supracardinal anastamosis Postrenal segment - from R supracardinal v. |
|
What is the hepatic segment derived from?
|
hepatic v (proximal R vitilline v) and sinusoids
|
|
What is the most common anomalie of the Venae cavae?
|
Persistent L SVC
|
|
a PT presents with an interrupted abdominal venous course in their IVC. Where does the blood flow? Is this common?
|
Most common IVC anomaly
Blood drains from lower limbs, abdomen, and pelvis to the heart through the AZYGOUS system of vv. |
|
your PT presents with a persistent L SVC. Where does the blood drain to the heart? What vv. is the LSVC formed of? What is this called?
|
Double superior Venae Cavae
Derived from L anterior cardinal and common cardinal vv. drains into R atrium through Coronary sinus |
|
your PT presents with an absent R SVC, but a Persistent L SVC. Where does blood flow? What happened to the R SVC?
|
R SVC degenerates
Leaving only L SVC Drains blood from R brachiocephalic v. to L SVC to empty into coronary sinus |
|
PT presents with out hepatic segment of IVC. How is blood drained from inferior body?
|
Inferior body drains through azygos and hemiazygos to R atrium.
hepatic veins open separately into R atrium |
|
a fetus has misformed intercostal arteries in the thorax. what structure was affected prior to their formation during development? What other arteries may have been involved in the cervical and lumbar region?
|
the dorsal intersegmental arteries become:
Cervical - vertebral arteries Thorax - intercostal arteries Lumbar - lumbar arteries in the abdomen 5th pair of Lumbar intersegmental aa. becomes Common iliac arteries Sacral - lateral sacral arteries Caudal end of Dorsal Aorta - median sacral artery |
|
Dorsal intersegmental aa. are AKA ...?
|
branches of dorsal aorta
|
|
what arteries supply the yolk sac, allantois, and chorion?
|
unpaired ventral branches of dorsal aorta
|
|
what vitelline arteries remain in the fetus?
|
celiac trunk to foregut
SMA to midgut IMA to hindgut vitelline aa. pass through yolk sac (later the primordial gut) |
|
the blood carried by the umbilical aa. is _______ blood.
|
poorly oxygenated
|
|
umbilical arteries pass through _____ to become continuous with the chorion, which is _______ part of the placenta
|
connecting stalk (later umbilical cord)
embryonic part |
|
pt presents with stenosis within the internal iliac arteries. What was this structure as an embryo?
What other structure is formed from this embryological a.? |
proximal umbilical aa.
superior vesical aa. |
|
What happens to the distal part of the umbilical aa?
|
obliterated after birth
becomees medial umbilical ligaments |
|
when is the primordium of the heart first evident?
|
18 days
|
|
the primordium is formed of ______ cells to form ______ cords
|
1. splanchnic mesenchymal
2. angioblastic |
|
the endocardial heart tubes are formed of ______
|
two canalized angioblastic cords
|
|
fusion of of the endocardial heart tubes begins at the _____ end and extends _________
|
cranial end and extends caudally
|
|
what molecules are present for proper cardiac development. what are their roles?
|
paired primordial endocardial tubes and later morphogenesis
6HLH dHAND eHAND Regulation of early cardiac development murine MEF2C |
|
as the heart tubes fuse what forms over them? what are the precurser cells?
|
the primordial myocardium forms from splanchnic mesoderm
|
|
what is cardiac jelly? something that goes well with PB?
|
CJ is found inbetween primordial myocardium and thin endothelial heart tube
|
|
a pt presents with calcified plaques on the endocardium of her hypertrophied R ventricle. What is the original embryological structure of the endocardium? Myocardium? Epicardium?
|
Endocardium - endothelial tube
Myocardium - primordial myocardium epicardium (aka visceral pericardium) - mesothelial cells from external surface of sinus venosus |
|
what connects the aortic sac with the primordial heart?
|
truncus arteriosus
|
|
where do the umbilical, vitelline, and common cardinal v. join in the primordial heart?
|
Sinus venosus
from the chorion, yolk sac, and embryo (respectively) |
|
what forms the future pericardial cavity?
|
pericardial coelom
|
|
what forms the bulboventricular loop? Why is it U shaped
|
bulbous coria and ventricle
these grow faster than other regions |
|
by the stage where the sinus venosus has developed lateral expansions, where is the sinus vnosus and atrium in respect to other regions of the heart?
|
Sinus venosus and atrium are dorsal to truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, and ventricle
|
|
how does blood flow through the 24 day old heart?
|
through anterior, common, and posterior cardinal v, vitelline, and umbilical v., through sinuatrial valve; to primordial atrium; to primordial ventricle; through bulbus cordis; out truncus arteriosus; through aortic sac; through 1st aortic arch to dorsal/ventral aorta
|
|
where do the aortic arches arise?
how many are there? |
aortic sac
6 arches |
|
are all the arches present at the same time? what week represents the final aortic arch arangement?
|
no. not all arches are present at the same time.
by the time the 6th arch forms, the first two have disappeared. The 8th week - final fetal arterial arrangement |
|
end on pp 340
|
end pp 340 out of 380
|
