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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a zygote?
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Diploid cell resulting from the union of 2 haploid gametes; 1st cell of 2nd generation.
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What is an embryo?
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Young plant of animal while it is still contained within a protective structure.
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What are the 2 major processes occurring during embryonic development?
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Cleavage: cell division.
Gastrulation: in-folding. |
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What is the process of cleavage?
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Its a process forming many cells from one cell.
Zygote-> 2 cells-> 8 cells ->morula (solid ball)-> blastula (hollow ball)-> early gastrula-> late gastrula |
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What is a gastrula?
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Layers of embryonic cells.
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What are the germ layers?
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Ectoderm.
Endoderm. Mesoderm. |
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What is a ectoderm?
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Germ layer.
(The outside layer of cells that's not infolded.) Epidermis, nervous system. |
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What is a endoderm?
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Germ layer.
(The outer layer of the infolded layer of cells.) Living of digestive and respiratory system. |
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What is a diploblastic organism?
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Have 2 germ layers.
(endoderm and ectoderm?) |
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What is a mesoderm?
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Germ layer.
(The inner layer of the infolded layer of cells.) Most internal organs: muscles, skeletal system, heart, stomach. |
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What is a triploblastic organism?
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Have 3 germ layers.
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What is an archenteron?
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Part of gastrula.
Digestive space (gut cavity). |
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What is a blastopore?
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Part of gastrula.
Mouth or anus. |
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What are the types of symmetry?
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Asymmetrical.
Radially symmetrical. Bilaterally symmetrical. |
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What is asymmetry?
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No axis divides body into equal halves.
Ex: sponges. |
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What is radial symmetry?
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Along one axis, as long as one cuts through center, body can be divided into equal halves from many angles.
Ex: cnidarians. |
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What is bilateral symmetry?
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Single axis divides body into equal halves.
Midsagittal plane (between eyes). Ex: platyhelminthes. |
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What does the development of a digestive tract enable?
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Specialization of gut regions.
Sequential food processing. Continuous operation. |
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How does a complete digestive tract develop?
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Infolding of gastrula.
First opening: blastopore, digestive cavity or tract in middle, then second opening. |
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What are the 2 different ways to develop a digestive tract?
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Protostomes: mouth forms first, and the new opening is the anus.
Deuterostomes: anus forms first, and the new opening is the mouth. |
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What are protostomes?
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Protostome animals are either Ecdysozoans or lophotrocozoans.
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What is a Ecdysozoan?
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Protostome.
Have an external covering secreted by epidermis that must be shed in order to grow. |
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What is a lophotrocozoan?
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Protostome.
Either a lophopore (ciliated feeding/gas exchange structure) or a trocophore (a ciliated free-living larval form) |
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What are the 3 types of body plans for a protostome?
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1. acoelomate
2. pseudocoelomate 3. coelomate |
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What is a acoelomate?
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A type of body plan for a protostome animal.
No coelom, solid except for digestive space. |
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What is a pseudocoelomate?
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A type of body plan for a protostome animal.
False coelom, and the mesoderm lines the outside of coelom. Ex: Nematoda. |
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What is a coelomate?
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A type of body plan for a protostome animal.
Mesoderm lines the entire cavity as a "peritoneum". Ex: earthworm. |
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What are the 2 ways to make a coelom?
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1. schizocoely
2. entercoely |
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What is schizocoely?
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One way to make a coelom.
Splitting within the mesoderm. In protostomes. |
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What is entercoely?
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One way to make a coelom.
Mesoderm forms pocket from gut. Deuterostomes. |
