EMT-B Chapter 10-13

main hormon to control fight or flight.
Increases Heart Rate and BP
Constricts blood vessels, causing increased BP
Dilate passages in lungs
Secreted naturally by adrenal glands.

is:
antypiretic/reduces fever
anagesic/ reduces pain
anti-inflammatory
inhibits pallett aggregation

hypersentivity to aspirin
pre ex liver damage
bleeding disorders
asthma

Purpose:
Increase blood flow
Relieving Spasms causing arteries to dilate

one tablet sublingually
Spray equal to one tablet
wait 5 min for response
DO NOT administer if patient had viagra/sildenafil within 24 hours.

1. obtain order from medical control
2. Verify proper medication and prescription
3. VCerify route dose and form of med
4. Check expiration date and condition
5. Reasses vital signs every 5 min
6. DOCUMENT

non rebreathing mask:up to 90% at 10/15 L/m
nasal cannula: up to 44% with 2-6 L/m
BVM 15 L/m 100%

caused by excess of insulin
pt can loose:
1. consicousness
2. seizures
3.die

sugar fuel for cells
EMT only admisnter by mouth on mucous membranes between cheek and gum
DO NOT adminster if pt is unconsciuos!

Tablets and Capsules
Solution
suspension
MDI's
Topical medications
Transcutaneous Meds also OTC (birth control, nicotine, pain meds)
Gels (oral glucose)

O2
Activated charcoal
Oral Glucose

Help patients ONLY if medical protocol allows or after confirming with medical control

EPI-PEN
MDI
NTG

therapeutic uses for specific medication

study of the properties and effects of medications

SC: pinch skin and inject in 45* angle, drw plunger back, check for blood, if clear inject and dispose contaminated needle in sharp container

EPI-PEN:

1. Grasp Pen with tip pointing downward
Form fist around pen
3. With other hand pull of activation cap
Hold tip to the outer part of patients thigh.
5. Swing and jab firmly at an 90* angle to the thigh.
DONT't allow to bounce.

level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood.
If too low- pt breathes slower and less deeply
If too high- pt breathes more rapidly

Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
inspiration-inhaling
expiration-exhaling
exchange takes place in Alvioli
Oxygenated blood travels through Alvioli to Capillaries which carry O2 to the heart.

Overbreathing/arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal
Indication of serious illness:
1. very high blood glucose leves
2. Overdose of Aspirin
3. Severe Infection

Symptoms:

Anxiety
Dizziness
numbness and tingeling of hands and feet

Always give oxygen and transport to hospital

respirations sometimes as high as 40breath/m or only 20 very deep breath/min

Is an acute spasm of smaller air passage.
Signs: Wheezing when exhale

Treatment:
assits with patient prescribed inhaler
Administer oxygen
allow pt to sit in upright position
Be reassuring
If unconscious provide airmanagement

crackles- crackling ratteling sound
Rhonci- coarse caused by mucus
Wheezing- HIgh pitched whistling or crckling sound during exhaltion
Stridor-

most often wet
rales, rhonci, crackles
sometimes dry, wheezing

harsh high pitched continued rough barking- sign of airway obstruction!!

1.begins in SA node
2.impuls travels across both atria causing them to contract
3.impulses cross over bridge AV node
4. signal is slow downed 1/10 to 2/10 of a second to allow blood time to pass from the artria into the ventricles
6. Impulses exit AV node and spread throughout both ventricles, causing ventricular muscle cells to contract.
5.

1. coronary arteries supply blood to heart
2. left and right carotid arteries supply head and brain
3.subclavian arteries supply blood to upper extremities

AP: heart's need of oxygen exceeds supply.
Result is of artherosclosis.
Goes away with rest or giving NTG
normally doesn't lead to heart damage or death

AMI/Heart Attack

a sign of AMI actually signals death of cells, causes bloodflow to be obstructed
after two hours 50% cells dead, after 4-6 hours 90% of cells dead

Sudden onset of weakness
chest pain chrushing sqeezing
pain/discomfort pressure jaw arms back or neck
sudden arrythmia with syncope fainting
Pulmonary Edema
Sudden death

fear of dying
fear that symptoms may be dangerous
Some think they have indigestion
Always assume the worst

ventricullar fibrillation

in patients on word
opqrst very helptful!

Brain Stem: breathing, BP, pupils swallowing
Cerebellum: controls muscle and body coordination
Cerebrum: right and left cerebreal hemispheres, front controls emotion and thought, back controls sight, middle controls touch and movement

period following a seizure lasts about 5 and 30 min, altered mental status possible, labored respirations

Hypoglycemia
POstictal State
Subdural or epidural bleeding after fall or trauma

results from a blood clot cutting off the blood flow to a particular part of the brain

occurs as a result of a bleeding in the brain

Time of onset of smptoms

AVPU scale

seizures that continue longer than 30 min

Treatment:
1. suction airway
2. provide positive pressure ventilations
3. transport quickly to hospital
4. Meet ALS possible meds to stop the seizure

generalized seizure
absance seizure (petit mal only in kids 4-12)

-Normal rate and depth
-Reg pattern on in and exhalation
-Good audible breath sounds
- Regular Rise and Fall on bth chest sides
- pink, warm dry skin

-Resp rate slower than 12 breath per min or higher than 20 breath/m
-Muscle retractions above clavicle
-pale or cyanotic skin
-cool damp dry skin
-pursed lips
-nasal flaring
-shallow or irregular respirations