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93 Cards in this Set
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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From Latin - integumentum for covering
Includes skin, hair, glands and nails |
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Skin
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Largest organ of the body
Two layers |
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Layers of the skin
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Epidermis - outer layer
Dermis - inner layer |
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Subcutaneous Layer
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Layer under the Dermis
Not considered to be part of the skin |
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Epidermis
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Made up (primairly) of epithelial cells
Tissue is called epithelium Covers the body and organs Lines body cavity |
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Responsible for skin color
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Melanocytes
Produces melanin More melanin = more color |
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Keratin
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Produced by Keratinocytes
Protein that infiltrates the outer layer of epithelial cells and makes them tough, waterproof and resistant to bacteria |
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Layers
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Strata
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Keratinocytes
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makes skin tough, waterproof and resistant to bacteria.
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Epithelium
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Has 4 layers over most of the body
Fet and hands have 5 layers Causes palms and soles of feet to appear lighter in color. |
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Basal cell
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Deepest layer of the epidermis
Where epithelial cells are constantly being produced Pushes older cells to surface |
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Most superficial layer of the skin
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Horny (hornlike) layer
Stratum Corneum - medical term |
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Cells types in the epidermis
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Epithelial cells
Melanocytes Keratinocytes Tissue type is called Epithelium |
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Dermis
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Beneath the deepest layer of Epidermis
Thick layer of connective tissue Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves and glands |
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Blood vessels in the Dermis
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Supply nutrients for the skin
Control inner body temperature (by thermoregulation) |
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Thermoregulation
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Body too hot - vessels dilate (expand) to allow cooling of the blood.
Body too cold - vessels contract (constrict) reducing heat loss. |
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Sensory receptors in skin
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Found in the Dermis.
Responsible for sense of touch. |
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Glands in skin
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Found in Dermis
necessary for skin maintenance and function |
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Four types of cells in the dermis
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Strengthen and protect the skin
Fibroblasts - produce collegen and elastin Macrophages - Enguld bacteria and other harmful substances Mast cells - produce histamine Plasma cells - produce antibodies |
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Collegen
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Most abundant protein in the body
In bones, tendons, cartilage and skin Can be bent, resists breaking and stretching Makes skin tough and durable |
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Elastin
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Produced by fibroblasts in the Dermis
Is a protein Allows tissue to stretch and recoil to original length |
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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Connective Tissue
Not part of the skin Connects dermis to muscles and organs below it Contains fatty tissue Provides insulation |
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Integumentary system - Related Organs
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Hair
Nails Glands |
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Hair
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Long, slender, tube shaped structure
Grows from epidermal cells at the base of the hair follicle Lower end has a bulb |
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Hair Papilla
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Indention at the bottom of the bulb on the hair follicle
Contains blood vessels to nourish hair/promote growth |
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Gray hair
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Caused by reduction of melanin production (aging).
Hair loses color and is gray |
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Nails
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Epithelial cells that have been Keratinized
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Lunula
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"Moon" on finger where new nail cells form
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Cuticle
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Eponychium
Overlaps onto the nail. Keratinized epithelial cells Much softer than the rest of the nail |
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Skin glands
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Sebaceous glands secrete Sebum
Sudoriferous glands Ceruminous glands |
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Sebaceous glands
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Secretes oil called Sebum
Keeps skin soft and waterproof Keeps hair pliable |
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Sudoriferous glands
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Sweat glands
Play role in thermoregulation by secreting sweat |
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Ceruminous glands
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Produces Cerumen - Ear Wax
Prevents bacterial infection |
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Cry/o
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cold
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leuk/o
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white
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papill/o
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nipple-like
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scler/o
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hardening
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xer/o
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dry
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-ism
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process
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-ium; -um
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structure
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-sis
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state of; condition
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albin/0
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white
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adip/o
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fat
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bi/o
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life
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cutane/o
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skin
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syan/o
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blue
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derm/o; dermat/o
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skin
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diaphor/e
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profuse sweating
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epitheli/o
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covering
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erythemat/o
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red
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erythr/o
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red
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hidr/o
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sweat
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kerat/o; keratin/o
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hard
hornlike |
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lip/o
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fat
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melan/o
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black
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myc/o
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fungus
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necr/o
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death
death of tissues |
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onych/o
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nail
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pil/o
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hair
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py/o
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pus
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ras/o
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scrpae
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rhytid/o
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wrinkle
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se/o
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sebum
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steat/o
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fat
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ungu/o
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nail
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-dermis; -derma
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skin
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-oma
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tumor
mass |
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-therapy
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treatment
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-derma
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skin
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Plastic Surgery
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Cosmetic Surgery
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Laser Surgery
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uses intense beam of light to remove tissue
little or no bleeding no damage to surrounding tissue Used in hard to reach or sensitive places |
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Tupes of cosmetic surgery
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Facial renewal
Liposuction (remove fat deposits) Hair implantation (reduce baldness) |
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Types of Laser Surgery
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Vascular lesions - spider veins, strawberries
Tattoo removal Moles/Age Spots Warts/Skin Tags Stretch marks/Scars Excessive facial or body hair Laser re-surfacing - Wrinkle reduction/Acne Scars |
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Facila Renewal
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Laser Re-surfacing
Chemical peels Microdermabrasion Botox injections |
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Liposuction
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Removal of fat deposits by suction
Can include - tumescent technique (injection of saline and anesthetic into fat to reduce swelling and bruising) Ultrasound assisted lipoplasty - ultrasound used to liquify fat |
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Hair Implantation
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Caused by Male Pattern Baldness in men or hormonal changes in women.
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Tummy Tuck
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Abdominoplasty
Requires hospital stay 2 to 5 hour procedure |
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Face Lift
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Rhytidectomy
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Correct Drooping upper eyelids and puffy bags under eyes
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Blepharoplasty
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BX
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Biopsy
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SC
subq subcut |
subcutaneous
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UV
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Ultraviolet
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Skin Cancers
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Melanoma
Carcinomas Sarcomas Adenocarcinomas |
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Burns
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First degree
Second degree burn Third degree burn |
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First degree burn
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Superficial burn
Involves epidermis |
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Second degree burn
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Partial thickness burn
Epidermis and upper portion of the dermis Skin is erythematous May or may not be blistering |
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Third degree burn
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Full thickness burn
Epidermis and all of the dermis. Skin is black and charred Subcutaneous layer may be damaged |
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Fourth degree burn
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Includes the epidermis, dermis, subsutaneous tissue and muscle.
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Severe burns
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May destroy as much as 2/3 of the body surface.
3 major complications: shock, infection and toxins |
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Shock
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With the skin gone, water is lost leading to a to a drop in BP, reducing blood flow to vital organs
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Infection (from burns)
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With the skin gone, bacteria can readily enter the body and become life threatening
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Toxins (from burns)
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Burned skin releases toxins
Debridement - removal of burned skin - prevents these poisonous reactions. |
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Hubbard Tank
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Large water tank used to assist in removing burned skin
Loosens skin for removal |
