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8 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What are the 3 descriptive studies in epidemiology?
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1. Case Reports
2. Case Series 3. Analyses of Secular Trends |
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What are the 4 analytic studies in epidemiology?
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1. Case Control Studies
2. Retrospective Cohort Study 3. Prospective cohort study 4. Experimental Study (Clinical Trial) |
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What is a case report?
It's Use? It's Limitation? |
Case Report: clinical description of a single patient
Use: Hypothesis Generation Limitation: Generalizability - patient may be atypical |
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What is a case series?
Use? Limitation? |
Case Series: clinical description of a number of patients with a disease
Use: Characterization of illness Limitation: NO CONTROL GROUP, cannot determine which factors in the description are unique to the illness |
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What is analysis of secular trends?
Use? Limitation? |
Analysis of Secular Trends: A study comparing geographic and/or time trends of an illness to trends in risk factors
Use: Rapid and easily gained evidence for or against a research hypothesis Limitation: Cannot differentiate among multiple hypotheses consistent with the data |
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What is a Case Control Study?
Use? Limitation? |
Case Control: A study comparing diseased patients to non-diseased patients, looking for differences in risk factors
Use: To study any number of risk factors for a single disease, especially RARE diseases Limitation: Certain specific biases must be avoided. Ie historical data must be accurate |
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What is a Cohort study?
Use? Limitation? |
Cohort: Study comparing patients with a risk factor/exposure to others without the risk factor for difference in outcomes
Use: To study any number of outcomes from a single risk factor Limitation: Prolonged and Costly |
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What is an experimental study?
Use? Limitation? |
Experimental Study (clinical trial): study in which the risk factor of interest is controlled by the investigator, RANDOMIZATION is generally used
Use: Most convincing demonstration of CAUSALITY Limitation: Logistical/ethical issues. Limited generalizability |
