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What is relative risk?
The number with an outcome in the exposed VS: non-exposed group
In what kinds of studies is relative risk an appropriate measure?
Prospective or retrospective Cohort, RCT,

Know your denominator
What is attributable risk?
The number with an outcome in the exposed group MINUS the non-exposed group.

In other words, how many cases were because of the having the exposure?
In what kinds of studies is attributable risk an appropriate measure?
Prospective or Retrospective Cohort, RCT

Know your denominator!
How do you calculate number needed to treat (NNT)?
1/Attributable Risk

= (1 / risk in the exposed MINUS risk in unexposed)
How do you calculate Odds Ratio?
Odds a case was exposed / Odds a control was exposed

Simplified: (Exposed Cases * Unexposed controls) / (Unexposed Cases * Exposed Controls)
In what kinds of studies is Odds Ratio an appropriate measure?
Case-Control studies
How do you calculate sensitivity?
True test positives / All actual cases of a disease
How do you calculate specifity?
True test negatives / All who actually don't have the disease
What does the acronym SNOUT and SPIN refer to for specificity and sensitivity?
SeNsitivity rules it OUT
SPecificity rules it IN

If a test is sensitive, it gets all the actual cases. If you got a negative, you are pretty sure your patient really doesn't have it.

If a test is specific, it does not give a lot of false positives. If your patient tests positive, they probably have it.
How do you calculate PPV?
True test positives / All positives
How do you calculate NPV?
True test negatives / All negatives