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10 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Define POLYGENIC
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DNA characteristics that are determined by multiple genes rather than a single gene pair
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Define HOMOLOGOUS
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Refers to chromosomes that are exact duplicates of each other
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What are AUTOSOMES?
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The 22 Homologous chromosomes
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What are DOMINANT GENES?
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When the genes from both parents are alike (dominant-dominant or recessive-recessive); the child will display the inherited trait. However, when the genes are different, the dominant gene will determine the characteristics.
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How are disorders caused by either recessive or dominant genes?
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If either two recessive genes or a single dominant gene carries the disorder.
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What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
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A disorder due to genes - people with PKU lack the enzyme needed to digest the amino acid phenylalanine, which, in its undigested form, remains as a toxic agent in the brain and causes severe mental retardation
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What are some disorders that are caused by a pair of recessive genes?
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Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis.
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What is HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA?
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A degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms; It is an example of an autosomal (any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome) dominant gene disorder caused by the presence of a single dominant gene
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What is the rate of babies born with chromosomal abnormalities?
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Approximately 1 in 200
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What are chromosomal abnormalities caused by?
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An extra chromosome, a missing chromosome, chromosomal translocation, which occurs when a section of a chromosome is attached to another chromosomel; or chromosomal deletion, which occurs when part of a chromosome is missing
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