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Before doing installations or alterations to equipment we must have the proper authorization. Typically, we get authorization from what?
· Ship Alteration (ShipAlt),
· Boat Alteration (BoatAlt),
· Electronics Alteration (ElectronicAlt), or
· Field Change
A cable is a transmission line used to do what?
transfer energy from one point to another
cables can be grouped into what 4 types?
· Coaxial,
· Fiber Optic,
· Multi-Conductor, and
· Power.
What is the most widely used type of RF transmission line.
Coaxial cables
What is The major advantage of the coaxial cable
its ability to reduce radiation loss
Coaxial cables are classified as
flexible or semi-rigid
Multi-conductor cables are used to do what?
send operating signals back and forth between pieces of electronic equipment
Multi-conductor cables are often referred to as?
Control Cables
To get the maximum transfer of energy, the impedance of coaxial cable should match what?
The impedance of the system to which it is connected
The most common cable impedances are?
50 ohm and 75 ohm
What is not a concern for multi-conductor and power cables?
Impedance
The cable rating you select should be ______ than the maximum rating required for the system.
Greater
When working with coaxial cable the rule of thumb is that As frequency increases so does _____.
Attenuation
What is not a concern for power or multi conductor cables?
Frequency
In cables, the loss is called what?
Attenuation
Attenuation is measured in what?
db per foot
Active cables include what types?
Radar Modular pulse, MF and HF Transmitter cables
Susceptible cables include what types?
Radio Receiving Antenna, and Transceiver cables
Flexible coaxial cable has a minimum bend radious of?
10 times the cable diameter
"Repeated" flexibile coaxial cable as a minimum bend radious of?
20 times the cable diamter
Semi-rigid Cable with an Outside Diameter of (0.375") has a minimum bend radious of?
4 inches
Semi-rigid Cable with an Outside Diameter of (0.500") has a minimum bend radious of?
5 inches
Semi-rigid Cable with an Outside Diameter of (1.625") has a minimum bend radious of?
25 inches
Semi-rigid Cable with an Outside Diameter of (0.875") has a minimum bend radious of?
10 inches
Semi-rigid Cable with an Outside Diameter of (3.125") has a minimum bend radious of?
50 inches
Always remember when routing a cable through a cable conduit or raceway to attach what for the next technician.
a pull cord
Cable tags shall be installed when?
· On all permanently installed cables,
· As close as possible to each end of the cable,
· On both sides of bulkheads and decks, and
· Not more than 50 ' apart.
When routing cables what will definitely cause problems in the future?
Poor Workmanship
To lessen the effects of continuous flexing cables should be routed ______ across hinges.
Diagonally
All spare conductors of a cable shall be cut so that they can what?
Reach the furthermost terminal board serviced by that cable.
What two test should be performed before and after installation of a cable?
· Continuity test, and
· Insulation resistance test.
Insulation resistance tests are categorized in what two categories?
· Multi-Conductor Testing
· Coaxial Testing
When performing insulation resistance tests on multi-conductors the resistance reading from one conductor to the next should be what?
greater than 50,000 ohms
A coaxial test requires the use of what type of equipment to test coaxial cables?
500-volt megohmeter
When testing a coaxial cable with a megohmeter a reading of what indicates that no action is required (good cable).
200M-ohms
When testing a coaxial cable with a megohmeter a reading of what indicates that there is need for maintenance. Check and clean insulators and connectors?
Between 5M and 200M-ohms
When testing a coaxial cable with a megohmeter a reading of what indicates that there is an immediate and urgent need to find and correct the cause of the low reading?
5M-ohms or less
Unused cables should be stored on what and where?
On reels and in an area where the temperature is stable.
Cables should not be stored in areas where what three conditions exist?
· Flooding may occur,
· The temperature exceeds 66°C (151°F), or
· Chemicals and flammable material are stored.
When removing moisture from a cable and it is determined that the moisture penetration is confined to the cable ends, a length not greater than ____ may be cut from each end and a new measurement of insulation resistance shall be made.
four feet
When dealing with damaged cables you should avoid ____ whenever possible
Splicing
The Coast Guard basically uses two types of connectors. They are?
· Multi-Pin connectors, and
· RF connectors.
What are the 4 most commonly used types of RF connectors used in the CG?
UHF, N, C, BNC
Three types of multi-pin connectors used in the CG are?
Amphenol, Bendix, Cannon
All connectors that are not indoors must be weatherproofed. Electrical connectors shall be weatherproofed within ___ hours of assembly.
24
Weatherproofed multi-pin connectors should be visually inspected how often for signs of deterioration.
monthly
Waveguides are used to transmit frequencies in the ____ range.
microwave range (.9 GHz- 100 GHz).
Waveguides are basically hollow pipes that guide electromagnetic waves. They are made of conductive material. What are the three types of material?
brass, copper, or aluminum
Waveguides are found in what three shapes?
· Rectangular,
· Circular, and
· Elliptical.
What is the most common type of waveguide found?
rectangular
When coaxial cable is used as a microwave transmission line it has what kind of loss?
High Loss
Waveguide systems are pressurized to help prevent what?
· Foreign material from entering the waveguide, and
· Moisture from accumulating in the waveguide due to temperature changes.
If desiccant is used to control moisture a blue color indicates what?
Dry condition, no action required
If desiccant is used to control moisture a pink color indicates what?
It has absorbed too much moisture and replace the dehydrator plug.
Pressure windows are also called what?
waveguide moisture barriers
A waveguide pressure system should not drop any more than ___ of the required pressure within a ____ hour period?
5%, 6 hours
Where should a purge valve be installed on a waveguide pressure system?
the lowest point in the system
A purge valve is used to do what in a waveguide pressure system?
· To remove excess moisture that the desiccant is unable to remove, and
· When purging the system after the waveguide has been opened for repairs.
The most common trouble encountered with waveguides is?
The presence of dirt, moisture, and other foreign material.
Waveguides are required to have the warning label which says what, and painted every____?
"Do Not Strike", every three feet
When inspecting waveguides check for what conditions?
· Dents,
· Bends,
· Damaged supports, and
· Discoloration (Hot spots).
The efficiency of a waveguide is measured by what two tests?
· Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and
· Minimum Discernible Signal (MDS)
Transit devices are used to do what?
route cables through bulkheads, decks, or enclosures
What are the four types of transient devices?
· Box Connectors,
· Metal Stuffing Tubes,
· Nylon Stuffing Tubes, and
· Multi-Cable Transit Frames.
A box connector is used for what?
lighting fixtures, fittings, and enclosures not classified as watertight.
A metal stuffing tube must be used in cable installations requiring what two things?
· Airtight, or
· Watertight integrity.
An enclosure, deck or bulkhead made of steel can only be used with a metal stuffing tube made of what?
Steel and Brass
An enclosure, deck or bulkhead made of brass can only be used with a metal stuffing tube made of what?
Steel and Brass
An enclosure, deck or bulkhead made of zinc can only be used with a metal stuffing tube made of what?
Steel
An enclosure, deck or bulkhead made of aluminum can only be used with a metal stuffing tube made of what?
Steel and Aluminum
Nylon stuffing tubes are also used where watertight and airtight integrity is needed, but they are also used when a bulkheads thickness is _____ making it difficult to weld too.
3/16" or less
Bonding includes those techniques and procedures necessary to achieve what?
A strong, low impedance connection between metal objects
What is the most common form of indirect bonding?
A bond strap
When a bond strap is installed what two types are used for the different environments (outside, inside)?
-Corrosive Resistance Steel (CRES) 316 for outside environments
-Copper for inside environments
Bonding jumpers are made out of what two types of material for the different environments (Outside, inside)?
Copper Braid - Inside
TRXF-84 Cable (welding Cable) - Outside
What are the two classifiactaions of bonds? (not types)
Permanent, Semi-Permanent
What is the preferred method of bonding?
Permanent
What is the most common way of achieving a mechanical bond?
Bolting
What is The preferred method of welding that qualified ET’s perform?
Exothermic
The resistance between two metal surfaces that are bonded should be what?
Less than 0.001 ohms
You can find information concerning electronic equipment alterations in CG manual _____ chapter _____.
Electronics Manual M10550.25 ch. 1
List four types of transmission cables.
Coaxial, Fiber Optic, Multi-Conductor, Power
What is the minimum separation required between an Active cable and a Passive cable?
18 inches
Given the following information, determine the power loss (in watts) of the cable.
Power into cable: 50 watts
Voltage into cable: 100 volts
Cable length: 352 ft.
Cable loss: 2.3 db per 100 ft.
42.25 watts… Total loss in db is .023 db per ft. X 352 ft. equals -8.096 loss. Applying the Power out formula 10 (db/ 10) x Pin = Pout gives a Pout of 7.751 watts. This results in a total loss of 42.25 watts(50 watts minus 7.751 watts)
The minimum bend radius of a Semi-rigid cable with an outside diameter of .875” is ______.
10 inches
Cable tags shall be installed on one side/either side/both sides of bulkheads and decks.
both sides
What can be done to protect cables from sharp edges?
Install support clamps, synthetic tubing, or wrap cable with several layers of electrical tape.
When testing multi-conductor cables, the minimum resistance between individual conductors should be ____ohms.
Greater than 50 k ohms.
When routing a cable to a terminal board, how long should you leave spare conductors?
Long enough to reach the farthest terminal.
What is the maximum temperature that stored cables should be exposed to?
151 degrees Fahrenheit.
What must be done to a cable that has been exposed to moisture before you use it? (explain procedure)
Cut back the end of the cable that was exposed no more than four feet to determine if the insulation resistance increases. If it doesn’t increase, discard cable. If it does, run a current through the cable for a few hours to improve its resistance. Continue this process until cable meets the required resistance value.
The two basic types of connectors used by the Coast Guard are _____ and _____.
Multi-pin and RF connectors
In general, a connector can be left without weatherproofing for up to ____ hours.
24
List 4 types of RF connectors used in the Coast Guard.
UHF, N, C, BNC
The range of the Microwave frequency band is ______.
900 Mhz to 100 Ghz.
What key factor determines the size of a waveguide?
Wavelength
How much pressure (psi) are waveguide systems designed to hold?
3 to 5 psi
A localized area of discoloration in a waveguide indicates _______
The presence of a foreign object inside the waveguide. A.K.A. hot spot.
What are pressure windows?
A moisture barrier that allows a waveguide to be pressurized.
Box connectors are/are not classified as watertight.
not
What should you do if you tighten down the gland nut in a metal stuffing tube and the cable is still loose?
Add additional sealing packs around the cable.
State the procedure for replacing a rubber bushing on an existing nylon stuffing tube with a cable run.
Cut a 30 degree slit on the new rubber bushing and wrap around cable.
State the 2 types of bonding.
direct, indirect
What is bonding?
The process of joining metal objects together and producing a low impedance connection between them
State the 2 classifications of bonds.
Permanent, Semi-permanent
The maximum resistance between two bonded metals should be ___________ .
Less than .001 ohm
After completing an installation, what other steps should be taken to insure your customer(s) are totally satisfied?
a. Clean up your mess
b. Document any work alterations and notify the issuing authority
c. Perform a complete functional check to ensure system works properly
d. Update unit drawings
e. Walk customer though
f. Train personnel on new system/installation