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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Moral Philosoper
Proponent of the: Prima Facie duties |
WD Ross
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duty to help and not harm
believed to be self evident |
Prima Facie Duties
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Philosopher who wrote "Moral Limits of the Criminal Law.
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Joel Feinberg
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4 Principles that determine Legal govt. involvement in society
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Offense principle
harm principle legal moralism paternalism |
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prohibits conduct offensive to others
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offense principle
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the obligation to act in order to prevent harm to others with only minimal risk to self
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Harm Principle
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Proponent of Harm Principle
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JS Mill
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Prohibits immoral behavior with or without harm to others
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Legal moralism
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Govt interveniton in society in which govt does what it thinks is best for society
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paternalism
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owed to people, family close to us
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Duty of Special Concern
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States professionals should act with the "best interest" in mind for children, mentally challenged etc.
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Best Interest Principle
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Suggest an implied contract re: parent/child relationship
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Common Sense Morality
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4 guiding ethical principles of the Medical Profession
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Beneficence
Nonmaleficence Justice automomy |
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Responsible practices with in communities
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business ethics
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Increased survellience and investigative powers of local law enforcement
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US Patriot Act of 2001
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A violation of the state where a law is broken, blame must be attributed.
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Crime
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Promotes restoration of society's moral balance
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Destributive justice
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rules for persons to obtain records of agencies of federal government related to the individual
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freedom of information act of 1966
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Deals with a crime against a person, and punishment of crime promotes healing of victim
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Restorative Justice
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related to the freedom to accept or refuse proposed treatment
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autonomy
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relates to fair division of limited resource related to demand
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distributive justice
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issued by president to guide ethical behavior of public employees
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executive order
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equal treatment for all
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principle of justice
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3 views on suicide
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always right, " wrong, " depends
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ending someone's life without them fully giving their consent
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involuntary euthanasia
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person refuses treatment which results in death
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voluntary passive eutanasia
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The ending of lone's life that is morally acceptable, promotes autonomy, and upholds the virtues of compassion and kindness
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voluntary passive eutanasia
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direct action that causes death of a terminal patient
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voluntary active euthanasia
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is meant to be a deterant to crime. Some believe it orovides emotional relief to victims family.
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capital punishment
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2 main ethical issues r/t war
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when it is acceptable to resort to war and what are the moral limits in waging war.
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view point that war is never right. Promotes "fighting battles" in a pasisve resistant way
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Pacifist
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Involves threatening to retaliate and inflict damage on enemy to deter an atack.
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Policy of deterance
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In the US only _________ can declare war
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congress
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acceptable war to protect innocent people from harm or unjust, unfair aggression
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Just War theory
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states it is acceptable to attack combatants, and not acceptable to attack noncombatants
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Just war theory
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noncombatants killed as consequance of attack
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collateral damage
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environmentalist and proponent of a Land ethic
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Aldo Leopold
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example is where there is a high % of polluting industries and waste facilities located in poor, minority neighorhoods.
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Theory of environmental racism
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developed the "Theory of Speciesism"
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Peter Singer
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States all moral obligations come from God
MORAL THEORY |
Divine command theory
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states moral judgments are objectively true or objectively false
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Moral objectivism
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Limits Moral worth to humans only
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Speciesism
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Divine Command theroy is theory of ________ ___________.
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Moral objectivism
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Are the Judea- Christian religious moral code that govern actions between individuals and God/individuals
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Ten Commandments
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1st 4 of the Ten Commandments relate to:
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Actions between individuals and God
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5-10 of the Ten Commandments relate to:
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Actions between individuals
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Book of Bible which lays down moral laws/punishments R/T personal injury, property damage, trust, loans and social laws
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Book of Exodus
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in this, Jesus emphasized that inward purity > strict observance of outward signs and rituals people perform for social favor
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Sermon on the mount
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held that animals were intended for the use of humans
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Natural Law
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Excluded animals because this only applies to beings able to reason
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Social Contract
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first view that opposed animals not being treated fairly
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Utilitarians
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the belief that humans are superior to other life forms
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speciesism
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theorist who stated animals had the ability to suffer or feel happiness
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Bentham
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Utilitarians
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JS Mill
WD Ross Bentham |
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belief that we should carry out the act that will maximize the total well being or allow the smallest amount of harm to all affected
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act utilitarian
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belief that each person must choose thier own way with out guidance of universal, objective standards
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Existentalist
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belief that one must live in the moment and make choices relative to each moment in life
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Existentalist
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developed the theory of the Hypothetical Social Contract
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John Rawls
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stated the members of a community are in the original position behind the veil of ignorance
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John Rawls
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Two types of Existentalist
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theistic and atheistic
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belief that God created us then left us on our own
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Theistic
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belief that God does not exist
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athiest
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belief that there are no universal rules for right and wrong: you must make your own choices, but are responsible and take risk for your own actions.
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Existentalist
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philosopher who believed voluntary passive euthenasia was moral because it allows for respect, autonomy, mercy and compassion for the dying person.
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Kantian
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responsible for the Doctorine of the mean
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Aristotle
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Doctorine of the Mean
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virtue of temperance: virtue between the two extremes
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believed that somethings we can control, and somethings we can not control. Realizing this basic rule will lead to: inner peace and external effectiveness.
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Epictetus
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greek historian/ foremost historian oh the ancient world, author of History of Peloponnesian war
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Thucydides
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Greek Philosopher, one of founders of western philosophy
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Socrates
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He showed interest in developing understandig of human nature to explain behavior in times of crisis
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Thucydides
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Teacher of Plato
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Socrates
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to solve a problem: break it down into a series of questions
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Socratic method
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describes how in the war between Athens and Sparta, Athens dismisses all notions of right and justice in their plan to slaughter or enslave the people of the island of Melos.
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The History of the Pelopennesian War
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statement came about due to Athens proclaiming "the strong prevail and the weak submit, and morality is irrelevant
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Might Makes Right
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Main Greek ideal of life
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virtue
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Key philosophy of Socrates, Aristotle, Plato
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Virtue
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an activity in which the larger issues ie: nature of reality, God and art are addressed and sound, rational reasons for holding particular views are developed
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Philopophy
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also called moral philosophy, branch of philosophy that deals with good and evil, right and wrong and the principles of morality
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Ethics
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