Evaluationa nd utilization

a logical pan to help increase our knowledge in a particular area.

Provide answers to researach questions
Control variance, insuring tha tthe resutls obtained are as closely related to what is being studied.

the confidence level that can be placed in accurately assessing the degree of couse and effect you have in a result of the research endeavor

Maximize the variance of the variables of the substantive research hypothosis: you want the experimental conditions to be as differenct as possible

To control extraneous variables: these are indipendent bariables that are not necessarily related to your study. ex: sex race

Minimize the arror variance: this is the fluctuation that may occur in your results due to random event

any phenomena or characeristic that is free to vary w/ at least 2 conditions or levels: ex: gender w/ both males and females is a variable, males along would be a constant.

is restricted to a single state ex: gender is a constant if females only are used in a studay, not both sexes.

are used to define your sample
gender, age race relegion marital status

are the presumed cause

the presumed effect and vary as related to the independent variable Usually the treatment being tested is the independent variable

proposition that is stated in a testable form. It predicts a particular relationship between tow or more variables. There can be more than 1 hypothesis. "if" and "then"

the hypothesis of "no difference". generally used in statistical analysis to be disproved. The resarch or the working hypothesis is the hypothesis you will be testing. The research hypothesis is what you want to support.

a planned process that utilizes probability theory to ensure that the sample will represent the population. Each subject in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

the true goal of research. you take what you know about a small group or sample of a population and apply it to explain the general population.

robust powerful statistics help the researcher make "inferences" or assumptions about a population. These have strong rules and strong guidelines.

Analysis of Variance aka ANOVA aka F test: compares means of more than 2 groups.
t Test: compares means of 2 groups
Pearson's Rho or Pearson's R: compares the association or correlation between 2 groups.

chi-square test: most common type, copares the observered value w/ the expected
Spearman Rho: a non-parametric correlational.

Means there is an association between 2 variables

as on goes up the other goes up and as one goes down the other goes down.

as one goes up the other goes down and as one goes down the other goes up.