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6 Cards in this Set
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What are the 3 species concepts?
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1) Morphospecies concept
2) Biological species concept (BSC) 3) Phylogenetic species concept (PSC) |
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What is the morphospecies concept?
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Species are recognized by fixed phenotypic differences.
What are the pros and cons? |
Pros: applicable to extinct and extant; sexual or asexual; inexpensive and relatively fast Cons: Arbitrary and inconsistent, difficult for simply morphology (e.g. bacteria); problem of cryptic species |
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What is the Biological Species Concept (BSC)?
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Species are reproductively isolated in nature, usually don't exchange genes, produce infertile or no offspring when hybridized
Pros and cons? |
Pros: Confirms lack of gene flow, evolutionary independence of species, reflects evolutionary process Cons: Can only confirm in lab for geographically non-overlapping species, cannot be tested with extinct species (fossils), irrelevant to asexual species |
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What is the phylogenetic species concept? (PSC)
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Species are the smallest identifiable monophyletic group; diagnosable by one or more genetic or phenotypic derived character
Pros and cons? |
Pro: Widely applicable - fossils, sexual and asexual, bacteria, cryptic species Cons: few phylogenies available, expensive, time-consuming |
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What are the steps for the phylogenetic species concept designation of species?
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1) Make phylogenetic tree
2) Identify smallest monophyletic groups diagnosable by one or more synapomorphies |
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Give an example of species concepts in use
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-E. affinis (marine copepod) described as a single species based on morphospecies concept
-Phylogenetic tree and mating experiments revealed 8 cryptic species from 38 populations |
