Exercise #10

1st to ananyze, process, & lubricate food; digestion begins in here with breaking down of carbs. process called mastication (chewing) activates salivary glans

3 glands secrete salivary amylase to aid in digestion of carbs

common passageway for food, liquid, air. Muscular contractions force food into esophagus

posterior to treachea, epithelial cells resist abrasion heat & cold; food now called BOLUS, is moved down this by PERISTALISIS (rythmic waves)

Located in LUQ stores, digests, breaks down food; Pepsin & HCl are secreted to break down protein; Thick soupy mixture of food & enzymes is called CHYME

Smooth muscle; wide end of stomach where it joins esophagus

narrow end of stomach where it joins small intestine-smooth muscle

folds in stomach that allow it to contract & expand

about 20 ft. long & is made up of 3 sections; all 3 of these sections are made of simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells that will secrete fluids to help keep the tube lubed

1st section; closest to stomach; digestion complete here

middle section where most of chemical & nutrient absorption occurs

last section that connects to the lg intestine by the ILEOCECAL VALVE; closest to lg intestine;

hole in opening

main functions include absorbing water & eliminating what is left as feces

1st pt of lg intestine where compaction begins; opening

fingerlike close to ileum; lympatic organ; lies just posterior to cecum RLQ

term collectively means lg intestine; made of ascending (going up), transverse (across), descending (going down), sigmoid (s-shaped)

bumps; little pouchlike pockets of lg intestine that can stretch

end of digestive tract; composed of stratified squamous epithelium

composed of stratified squasmous epithelium; end of anorectal canal, consists of internal anal sphincters which are made of smooth muscle (involuntary) & external anal sphincters which are made of skeletal muscle (voluntary)

brown; filters toxins & makes bile to emulsify fats; makes bile

green; stores bile & changes its composition

produces many digestive enzymes; located below the stomach and above intestiness; enzymes from this help in digestion of carbs, fats, & proteins in small intestine

salivary amylase; salivary gland; pancreatic amylase-pancreas

HCl & Pepsin=stomach Trypsin = pancreas

Lipase=pancrease; BILE=synthesized in liver & stored in gallbladder

secreted by parietal cells in stomach to help break down connective tissue of proteins; decrease pH of stomach to 2 (very acidic); helps kill bacteria

secreted by pancrease to buffer acidic chyme going into the duodenum from the stomach

2

Accessary; muscle, connective, epithelial inside

pepsin, HCl = break down protein

increase surface area for absorption

secrete mucus (white)

salivary amylase=digest carbohydrates;

pepsin = digest protein;
HCl = digest protein;

pancreatic amylase=to digest carbohydrates; lipase= digest fat; trypsin= digest proteins;

pancreas; to buffer or neutralize the pH of food (chyme) coming out of stomach

salivary amylase; digest carbs

makes bile

stores bile emulsifies fats

biocarbonate secretions neutralize stomach acid; pancreatic enzymes= pancreatic lipase= digest fat; pancreatic amylase= digest carbs; trypsin= digest protein

beginning pt for mechanical & chemical digestion

common pathway for air & food

skeletal muscle at proximal end; smooth muscle at distal end

protein digestion; HCl= activates pepsin; Pepsin= digest proteins, chyme, pH2

absorption of nutrients; duodenum, jujunum, ileum

reclaiming of digestive secretions; cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum