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6 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Na+
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Low: Disorientation, stupor, coma. High: irritability, delirium, and coma.
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Cl-
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Low: Secondary to metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypovolemia, high aldosterone. High: Secondary to non-anion gap acidosis.
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K+
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Low: U waves on ECG, flattened T waves, arrhythmias, paralysis. High: peaked T waves, wide QRS, arrhythmias.
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Ca2+
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Low: Tetany, neuromuscular irritability. High: delirium, renal stones, abdominal pain, not necessarily calciuria.
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Mg2+
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Low: Neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmias. High: delirium, decreased deep tendon reflexes, cardiopulmonary arrest.
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PO4 3-
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Low: bone loss, osteomalacia. High: renal stones, metastatic calcifications.
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