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22 Cards in this Set
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fed
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absorptive state/post-prandial state
up to 4 hrs after meal digestion, absorption and transport of nutrients (TEF) catabolic and anabolic are both active |
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fasting
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post-absorptive state
>4 hrs after meal no dietary intacke catabolic run by energy stores |
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starving
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prolonged fasting
3+days of fasting cataboic processes from energy stores |
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fatty acids can be converted to what?
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ketone bodies for fuel
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what is the only fuel for RBCs?
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glucose..actually needs a constant supply
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low levels of glucose signal the synthesis of what hormone?
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glucagon
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glycolysis
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oxidation of glucose
produce ATP |
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lipolysis
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degradation of fat stores
release fatty acids |
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glycogenolysis
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degradation of glycogen stores
release glucose |
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ketolysis
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oxidation of ketone bodies
produce ATP |
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beta-oxidation
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oxidation of fatty acidsproduce ATP
|
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glycogenesis
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synthesis of glycogen store
store glucoses |
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lipogenesis
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synthesis of fat stores
store fatty acids |
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gluconeogenesis
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new synthesis of glucose from non-sugars
produce glucose |
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ketogenesis
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synthesis of ketone bodies from fatty acids
produce ketone bodies |
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In what organs does insulin have no effect?
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brain and RBCs
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Glucagon has no effect in what?
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muscle
brain RBCs |
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what are the differences of fasting and starvation
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in starvation: glycogen stores are depleted and gluconeogenesis is the ONLY source of blood glucose
...glucose is reserved for RBCs and brain uses ketone bodies |
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hyperglycemia
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blood glucose too high
macrovascular complications microvascular complications |
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hypoglycemia
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blood glucose too low
CNS symptoms: one thing is death |
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What two things can happen in hypoglycemia?
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1. epinephrine release
2. insufficient glucose for brain |
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What are 4 causes of hypoglycemia?
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fasting
neonatal insulin-induced alcohol-induced |
