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33 Cards in this Set

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what is the vestibule?
the boat shaped fossa between the labia minora.
the vaginal opening is also known as?
the introits
where is the perineum?
the tissue between the introitus and the anus
What opens into the vestibule between the clitoris and the vagina?
the urethral meatus
what are the paraurethral glands also known as? what is their purpose?
Skene's glands. They are small mucus glands that deliver secretions into the female urethra.
where are the bartholins glands?
they are located posteriorly on either side of the vaginal opening, but are not usually visible.
which glands are most commonly infected in the female with a cyst or std?
bartholins glands
What are we looking for when examining external genitalia in the female?
no parasites, no skin lesions, symmetry in the labia majora and minora, trauma, discharge and anatomical placement of structures
what is menarche?
onset of menses.
what is considered ABNORMAL uterine bleeding?
Polymenorrhea-<21 days in between cycles. Oligomenorrhea-infrequent bleeding. Menorrhagia-excessive flow. Metorrhagia- intermenstrual bleeding or postcoital bleeding
causes of primary dysmenorrhea?
increased prostaglandin production during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
causes of secondary dysmenorrhea?
endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometrial polyps
what is the definition of menopause?
absence of menses for 12 consecutive months, usually occurring btwn 48 and 55 years
abnormal uterine bleeding can be caused by?
vary by age group and include pregnancy, cervical or vaginal infection, ca or cervical or endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, fibroids, hormonal therapy.
What are some of the causes of amenorrhea?
primary-failure of periods to initiate. secondary-pregnancy, lactation, menopause, anorexia, stress, chronic illness and hypothalami-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction.
why do we ask about sexual function, preferences or relationship status?
similar to male: at risk behaviors, std transmission, recurrent urinary or vaginal infections, low libido caused by lack of estrogen, medical illness, situational or psychosocial factors.
when would we screen a female for cervical cancer with a pap smear?
~3 years after 1st sexual intercourse or by 21, whichever comes first. p.529
the most significant correlation for cervical ca screening AFTER a female becomes sexually active?
HPV is the most common STD and is thought to induce precancerous lesions.
physiologic changes during menopause.
mood shifts, changes in self-concept, vasomotor changes (hot flashes) accelerated bone loss, increases in total and LDL cholesterol and at times dysparenunia.
risks of estrogen and progesterone therapy
increased risk of stroke, PE, increased risk of breast cancer, increased risk of dementia in older women.
what are some causes of delayed puberty?
abnormalities in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, or ovaries.
what do excoriations or itchy small, red maculopapules usually indicate?
pediculosis pubis (lice or crabs) Nits or lice at the bases may also be visualized at the bases.
Yellowish endocervical discharge usually indicates what?
mucopurulent cervicitis-commonly caused by Chlymadia trichomatis, gonorrhea or herpes simplex
raised, friable, or lobed warlike lesions are indicative of what?
condylomata or cervical ça
Chlamydial infections are linked to which conditions?
urethritis, cervicitis, PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic pelvic pain
what are the purposes (3) of a rectovaginal exam ?
1. palpate a retroverted uterus 2. check the uterosacral ligaments, cul-de-sac and adnexa 3. screen for colorectal ca
how would you examine a woman for an inguinal hernia? which type is the most common?
standing up. the most common is the indirect inguinal hernia.
where would you locate a cystocele in the female?
a bulge would be noticed in the upper two thirds of the anterior vaginal wall.
are nabothian cysts cancerous?
no. they are translucent nodules on the cervical surface that have no pathologic significance. p548
what is a protozoan that causes yellowish-green or gray discharge and may not be transmitted sexually?
trichomonas vaginalis
what produces a white discharge but may not be malodorous and can be a side effect of abx therapy?
candida albicans
what produces an unpleasant fishy or musty genital odor?
bacterial vaginosis
what are the s/sx of a tubal pregnancy?
guarding, rebound tenderness, unilateral adnexal mass may be present but difficult to palpate, faintness, syncope, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and shock.