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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the factors for aldosterone release?
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angiotensin II and high K+
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increased ketoacids in tubular fluid affect K+ how?
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increase K+ tubular secretion (ketones are negatively charged, pulling K+ in)
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where is ADH made?
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hypothalamus/pituitary axis
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what does an anion gap acidosis mean?
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excess acids: lactic acid, ketoacids, toxic acid ingestion, renal failure
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what is an anion gap?
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[Na + K] - [HCO3 + Cl]
should be <12 |
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what IV solution shifts fluid from ICF to ECF?
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hypertonic saline
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where does isotonic IV solution go?
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ECF (for fluid depleted patients)
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what is glucose IV solution for?
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water replacement (high osmolality patients)
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what is a colloid infusion for?
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shift fluid from interstitial fluid to intravascular
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what is it called when HCO3<24?
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metabolic acidosis
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what is it called when HCO3>24?
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metabolic alkylosis
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what is it called when CO2<40?
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respiratory alkylosis
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what is it called when CO2>40?
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respiratory acidosis
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what is an anion gap?
what is it's normal value? |
positive charges - negative charges
[Na + K]-[HCO3 + Cl] ~12 |
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what does an elevated anion gap mean?
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extra (unmeasureable) acids
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what is an osmolar gap?
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measured - calculated osmolality
2Na + glucose + urea + EtOH |
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what does an elevated osmolar gap mean?
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presence of uncharged osmols (usually toxic alcohols)
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what are titratable acids?
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phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid
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what are two kinds of urinary buffers that help to excrete acid?
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titratable acids
ammonium |
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what is aldosterone's action on K?
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as it reabsorbs Na, K is excreted
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what is insulin's action on K?
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it stimulates uptake from ECF to ICF
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what is effect of beta-antagonists on K?
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keep K in ECF
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what is effect of beta-agonists on K?
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same as insulin
shift K from ECF to ICF |
