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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a 'promoter region'?
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Section of DNA that marks the fact that the gene is next to it
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What is the 'Base +1' What is everything to the right of it referred to as?
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The first base of the gene - to the right of it is 'downstream'
(i.e. the gene is downstream) |
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What's special about the end of the promoter region?
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It has TATAAT, which only has two H-bonds - much easier for separation
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What is the function of RNA polymerase?
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Converts DNA to RNA
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What is an operon?
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A long line of genes that are all transcribed onto one mRNA strand. They each have a start and stop codon - occurs in PROkaryotes
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What is an operator region?
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In PROkaryotes!
Repressesor protein binds to operator which stops RNA polymerase acting |
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What is an enhancer sequence? What is its function?
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In EUkaryotes!
A sequence of bases that allows a gene to respond to signal proteins TFs bind to enhancer regions which provide a platform for RNA polymerase ^ Understand that! |
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TF is blocked by inhibitor molecules. A small molecule like a glucocorticoid or oestrogen will bind to TF - releasing it from its inhibitor molecules. What happens next?
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TF moves to enhancer region (glucocorticoid response element), binds with another TF.
This provides a platform for RNA pol II to work (: |
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When prescribing a drug, most of it is broken down by CYP3A4. What does CYP3A4 do and what is the term?
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Most drugs are hydrophobic. CYP3A4 adds OH group to drug which makes it hydrophilic - can then be excreted via urinary system or similar
Process known as detoxification |
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What activates production of the CYP3A4 gene?
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The drug administered! It acts as a TF, causing transcription and translation of CYP3A4 which will then detoxify the drug
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What's the problem with St. John's Wort?
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Stimulates production of CYP3A4, however, there is no drug for it to act on. So when a drug is given as treatment it is immediately detoxified and has no effect.
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