- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
sensory (afferent)
|
carry impulses from special receptors to CNS
|
|
CNS
|
brain and spinal cord
|
|
PNS
|
cranial and spinal nerves
|
|
motor (efferent)
|
From brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands
|
|
Visceral efferent
|
CNS --> sm, cm, g INVOL
|
|
Somatic efferent
|
CNS --> skel VOL
|
|
Tract
|
brain & cord
|
|
Nerves
|
in pereph.
|
|
cell bodies
|
gray brain=nuclei, cord= horns, periph= ganglia
|
|
schwann cell
|
produce myelin in PNS
|
|
Neurilemma
|
cells regenerate, many layers = myelin sheath
|
|
oligodendrocytes
|
produce myelin in CNS
|
|
astrocytes
|
BBB, nutrients to nerve cells
|
|
microglia
|
phagocytes
|
|
ependymal cells
|
line ventricles
|
|
satellite cells
|
dorsal root ganglion
|
|
AFFerent
|
from receptor in periph --> CNS
skin, stretch receptors, viscera =press, baro chemo, chemica, special receptors |
|
EFFerenT (SE)
|
from CNS to skeletal muscl
|
|
Efferent (VE)
|
to glands cardiac and smooth musc.
|
|
Gray matter
|
ganglion in PNS, grey matter in nuc, gray matter of cord
|
|
somatic
|
skeletal muscle
|
|
visceral
|
glands, car m, smoo m.
|
|
SKIN
|
temp, touch, pressure, pain
|
|
JOINTS & MUS
|
propre, kinesthia
|
|
VISCERA
|
chemicals, chemo, pain,
barorecep. |
|
IPSPs
|
HYPER
difficult to fire prevent post from fire GABA, Glycine |
|
removal of NT from synapse
|
diffusion (away from Synaptic cleft)
Degradation (enzyme deactivates) Reuptake (back into axon) |
|
IPSP's
|
K+ and Cl- gates are open
Na+ closed |
|
EPSP's
|
Na+ open
K+ and Cl- closed |
|
Cholinesterase
|
inactivates ACH (splits to acetate & choline)
|
|
MAO Inhibiters
|
hydrolize epinephrine and norepi
|
|
EPSP's
|
more + inside
|
|
IPSP's
|
more - inside
|
|
Temporal summation
|
same location, diff times
|
|
Spatial summation
|
diff location, same time
|
|
saltatory conduction
|
uneven dist. of voltage gated chann.
|
|
ACH
|
causes na+ chan to open
|
|
NT
|
dopamine
seratonin Norepi monamine |
|
Not enough dopa
Too much |
parkinsins
schizo |
|
leakage
|
always open
|
|
chemically
|
specific NT
|
|
voltage gate
|
response to memb. potential
|
|
mechanically
|
physical deformation of receptors
|
|
Rest memb pot
|
-70 mv
open na+ decr mp open k+ incr mp open cl- incr mp open ca+ decr mp |
|
Depolorization/ HYPO
|
inside becomes less neg
|
|
Repoloriz
|
memb. returns to RMP
|
|
HYPER
|
inside becomes more neg
|
|
AP
|
do not loose strength
long distances |
|
GP
|
loose strenght as they travel
only go short distances |
|
phases of AP
|
1. resting
2. depolor (hypo) 3. repolor 4. hyper |
|
AP
|
all or nothing
|
|
absolute refract per
|
from opening of NA+ gates
until closing of inactivation gates no AP generated 1 way transmission of Nerve impul |
|
Relative refract per
|
NA+ gates closed
K+ gates open repolorizing occuring strong stimuli can innitiate AP |
|
Large axon
|
faster impulse
|
|
saltatory conduction
|
jumping from one to another
|
|
Sympathetic
|
FIGHT or FLIGHT
|
|
Parasymp
|
rest and digest
|
|
Large diamater
|
short refractory phase 1000 impul. per sec
|
|
Small
|
long refract per. 250 impul per sec
|
|
Lower motor neurons
|
skeletal muscle
|
|
Upper motor neurons
|
in CNS synapse with lower m neur.
|
|
Corticospinal
|
initiate volantary movement
|
|
spinothalamic
|
pain, temp, pressure
lateral- pain, temp ventral- pressure |
|
dorsal column
|
fine touch
|
|
spinocerebellur
|
propreception
|
|
Afferent tracts
|
lateral spinalthalamic tract
1.receptor to cord 2. cord to thalamus 3. thalamus to post central gyrus |
|
Spinal nerves
|
cervial plexus- phrenic nerve
brachial plexus- radial and ulnar nerve thoracic nerves lumbar pluxes= femoral nerve sacral plexus- sciatic nerve |
|
spinal reflex
|
1. stimulus
2. receptor 3. affterent neuron 4. cns (interneuron) 5. efferent neuron 6. effector (somatic or vis) 7. response |
|
dorsal root
|
dorsal root AFFERENT (sensory)
somatic- from skin receptors visceral- from internal organs |
|
ventral root
|
efferent motor
somatic- to skeletal muscle visceral- to visceral effectors |
|
dorsal root
|
somatic afferent
visceral afferent |
|
ventral root
|
somatic efferent
visceral efferent |
|
somatic fibers innervate
|
skin, joints, skeletal muscle
|
|
visceral fibers innervate
|
smooth muscle
|
|
afferent threshold
|
higher
|
|
spinocerebellur
|
stretch reflex
|
|
rubrospinal
|
muscle coordination
|
|
devlopment of brain
|
from ectoderm tublar structure to
pF, mM, rH |
|
blood circulation to brain
|
carotid and vertebral art
no blood 1-2min impairs neural fxn 4 min perm injur |
|
forebrain
|
Cerebrum, thalamus, hypo
|
|
Midbrain
|
sensory & motor tracts
superior& infer collic cerebral peduncles |
|
Hindbrain
|
Pons, medulla, cerebellum
|
|
cerebral cortex
|
all cog fnxs, special senses, speech, volantary control sk musc
|
|
precentral gy
|
primary motor area cerebral cortex
all muscle cell bodies here |
|
post central gy
|
skin sensations
primary somatasensory location |
|
more surface of graph
|
more cells to interp. sensation
|
|
corpus callosum
|
connects 2 hemis
large fiber bundle in brain cut to treat epilepsy |
|
FXN of thalamus
|
relays sensory info to cerebral cortex
maintains consci. |
|
FNX hypo
|
body temp, hunger, thirst, glucose level, vision, taste,
|
|
Infundib
|
connects puitary and hypo
|
|
midbrain
|
pons to dienceph
nuclei & tracts |
|
peduncles
|
conduct nerve impulses from motor areas to spinal cord, medulla and pons
|
|
substantia nig
|
conscious muscle activ.
|
|
pons
|
volantary movement,
|
|
medulla
|
vomit, cardiac, sneezing, swallowing
|
|
cerebellum
|
posture and balence
|
|
intercranial pressure
|
to much CSF or cant drain
|
|
Gray matter
|
horns
anter= somatic motor lateral= visceral motor poster= sensory |
|
White matter
|
columns, funiculi, anterior, posterior, lateral
|
|
Polio & ALS
|
lower motor neurons
|
|
Quad
|
c5 injury
|
|
para
|
thoracic injury
|
|
loss of breathing
|
above c3
|
|
spinal cord ends
|
L2
|
|
devlopment of the brain
|
1. arises from ectoderm
2. hollow tube forms 3. cavity filled with csf 4. walls of tube become neural tissue |
|
coverings of the brain
|
1. dura mater
sub dural space- blood vessles/fat 2. arachnoid sub arachnoid CSF 3. pia mater |
|
ventricles
|
I & II cerebral hemispheres
interventricular foramen III diencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus IV hindbrain |
|
CSF
|
comes from blood vessels (made by choroid plexus)
|
|
arachnoid villi
|
takes CSF back into blood
|
|
Blood supply
|
2 internal carotid arteries
2 vertebral arteries basilar artery circle of willis |
