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Flammable liquid flash point?
Less 100 degrees
Present significant flammability hazard
Combustible liquid flash point?
More than 100 degrees
Sources of heat energy
CMELNS
Chemical
Nuclear
Electrical
Light
Nuclear
Solar
Types of electrical heat
Resistance Heating
Overcurrent or Overload
Arcing
Sparking
Products of Combustion
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Carbon Dioxide
product of incomplete combustion
smoke
product complete combustion(respiratory stimulant)
Classification of Fires
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class K
Wood, paper, rubber
Flammable, combustible liquids
Electrical equipment
Metals
Oils and greases
Saponification
process in Class K turns fats and oils to soapy foam
Fire Development stages
4 stages
incipient, growth, fully developed,
decay
Ghosting
Combustible gases above fire reached ignition temperature
Flashover
Temperature in compartment results in simultaneous ignition of all combustible contents
900 degrees to 1200 degrees
Factors that affect fire development
Fuel type
Availability and location of additional fuels
Compartment volume, ceiling height(geometry)
Thermal properties
Ambient conditions
Effects of changing conditions
Fuel Load
Amount of fuel expressed in terms of weight of fuel per unit area
Heat of Combustion
Amount of heat released when the substance is completely burned
Influence Fire Tetahedron
Reducing Temp
Eliminating Fuel
Separating fire from available fuel
Changing oxygen concentration
Interrupting the self sustained chemical chain reaction
Thermal Layering
Tendency of gases to separate into layers
Other terms
Heat stratification/Thermal Balance
Preexisting Ventilation
Actual and potential ventilation based on structural openings, construction type and building mechanical and passive ventilation
Pyrolysis
Chemical decomposition of solids
creates vapors and gases
Vapor density
density of gases in relation to air
gases lower 1 rise
gases greater 1 sink
Specific gravity
weight of substance compared to weight equal to weight of water
greater than1 indicates a substance heavier than water
Free radical
Atom or group of atoms
one unpaired electron unstable and highly unstable
creates carbon monoxide, formaldehyde