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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ ____ _____ is the study of the characteristics and movement of water as they pertain to calculations for fire streams and fire ground operations.
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Fire Service Hydraulics
page 60 (driver ops) |
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The scientific or more exact calculations of water streams is referred to as _________
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Theoretical hydraulics
page 60 (driver ops) |
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_____ ___ _ ____ is the flow applied to overcome the heat generated by the fire.
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Critical rate of flow
page 60 (driver ops) |
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The ___ is the total pressure needed to overcome all friction, appliance, and elevation loss while maintaining adequate nozzle pressure to deliver effective fire streams.
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PDP (pump discharge pressure)
page 60 (driver ops) |
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What is the basic PDP formula?
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PDP=NP+FL
page 60 (driver ops) |
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______ _____ is the pressure required at the nozzle to deiver the fire stream and flow rate for which the nozzle was designed.
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Nozzle pressure
page 61 (driver ops) |
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Combination nozzles have a NP of ___ psi.
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100 psi
page 61 (driver ops) |
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Low-pressure fog nozzles have a NP that varies from ___ to ___ psi.
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50 to 75 psi
page 61 (driver ops) |
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Smooth-bore nozzles, also referred to as solid-tip nozzles have a NP of ___ psi for handlines and ___ psi for master streams.
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50 for handlines and 80 for master streams
page 61 (driver ops) |
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True / False
Distributor nozzles constanly spin and present centrifugal forces that are symmetrical. Because the forces occur perpedicular to the hose, they not be normally operated at 50 psi. |
False. they do not produce a corresponding nozzle reaction. For this reason, smooth-bore distributors normally rated at 50 psi should not present a safety hazard to flow water at increased pressures up to 100 psi.
page 62 (driver ops) |
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____ _____ is the volume of water moving through the nozzle; it is measured in units of either GPM or L/min.
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Flow rate
page 62 (driver ops) |
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_____ ____ i the pressure lost from turbulence as water passes through pipes, hoses, fittings, adapters, and appliances. It is measured in units of either psi or kPa.
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Friction loss (FL)
page 63 (driver ops) |
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What is the modern FL equation?
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CxQ2xL
FL= ----------- 100 page 65 (driver ops) |
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In the modern FL equation, what does the C stand for?
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The coefficeint, which is a numerical measure that is a constant for eash specific hose diameter.
page 65 (driver ops) |
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In the modern FL equation, what does the Q stand for?
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Th quanitiy of water flowing (GPM) divided by 100.
page 65 (driver ops) |
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In the modern FL equation, what does the L stand for?
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The length of hose in feet divided by 100
page 65 (driver ops) |
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Calculations must be adjusted for the distance the nozzle is above or below the pump, which is referred to as ________ _______
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Elevation pressure
page 70 (driver ops) |
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Water exerts a pressure of _____ per 1' of water column.
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0.434 psi
page 70 (driver ops) |
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High-rise buildings are spaced in __' to __' increments.
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12' to 14' increments
page 70 (driver operator) |
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To speed the calculation process further, simply determine the elevation change in __ increments and multiply your finding by __ psi.
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10 ' increments and multiply by 5 psi (100 feet = 10x5
50 psi) page 70 (driver ops) |
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______ are devices that are used to connect and adapt hoses, and direct and control water flow in various hose layouts.
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Appliances
page 72 (driver ops) |
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Generally, the appliance FL is considered insignificant when water flows are less than ___ gpm.
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350 GPM
page 72 (driver ops) |
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It is important to remember that fire streams of less than 350 gpm are considered _____ and that fire streams of 350 gpm or greater are considered to be _______
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handlines , master streams
page 72-73 (driver ops) |
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Assign ___ in appliance loss for master streams, and ___ for handlines with a flow of 350 gpm or greater.
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25 for master streams and 10 for handlines.
page 73 (driver ops) |
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The equation CxQ2xL+AL+/-EP is the equation for what?
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Total pressure loss.
page 76 (driver ops) |
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Unless the loss in the intake, piping, and nozzle has been established for the specific apparatus, use a minimum of ___ psi FL for all master streams
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25 psi
page 87 (driver ops) |
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As a general rule, do not exceed a PDP of ___ psi unless allowed by the standpipe system rating.
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200 psi
page 88 (driver ops) |
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A ______ ____ is the vertical portion of the system piping within a building that delivers the water supply for fire hose connections, and sprinklers on combined systems, vertically from floor to floor.
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Standpipe riser
page 89 (driver ops) |
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_______-____ valves are installed on standpipe risers where static pressures exceed 175 psi per NFPA 13.
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Pressure regulating valve
page 92 (driver ops) |
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If pressure while flowing in a standpipe riser exceed ____ psi then NFPA 14 requires the installation of a device at the outlet to restrict or reduce the flow pressure to a maximum of ____ psi.
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100 psi
page 92 (driver ops) |
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The height of a column of water above the discharge is known as the head; the pressure in that column of water is referred to as head pressure. To determine the head pressure divide the number of feet by ______
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2.304
page 92 (driver ops) |
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_____ is the amount of pressure created by the pump after receiving pressure from a hydrant or another pump.
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NPDP (net pump discharge pressure)
page 93 (driver ops) |
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Common fire-ground hydraulic calculation methods include the following techniques: (7)
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1. Charts
2. Hydraulic calculators 3. Hand methode 4. Subtract 10 method 5. Condensed Q method 6. Flow meters 7. Preincident plan data page 95 (driver ops) |
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True / False
The subtract 10 method determines FL in 2 1/2" hose only and for flows of 160 gpm or less. It is either fog or smooth bore nozzles. |
False: determines FL in 2 1/2" hose only and for flows of 160 psi or greater.
page 100 (driver ops) |
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NFPA 1901 allows flow meters on discharges from 1 1/2 to 3 inch in diameter. They generally boast accuracy within __ to __ %, but require periodic calibration to maintain this accuracy.
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1 to 3 %
page 102 (driver ops) |
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________ is a term used in electronic engineering to refer to the process of combining information from several different sources.
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Multiplexing
page 102 (driver ops) |
