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44 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Which hormones are released by the pancreas and what effect does each one have?
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Insulin--decreases blood glucose
Glucagon--increases blood glucose |
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What happens in Diabetes Mellitus?
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Insufficient insulin production, therefore blood glucose increases.
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What happens in Diabetes Insipidus?
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Hyposecretion of ADH, therefore large volumes of urine are formed
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What is the best way to promote production of growth hormone as we age?
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Exercise
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What hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex? What is the controlling substance that triggers its production?
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Cortisol
ACTH |
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What hormone is produced in the adrenal medulla? What controlling substance triggers its production?
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine
norepinephrine |
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What is CRF?
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Corticotrophin releasing factor
It signals the pituitary to release ACTH |
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How is BMR (base metabolic rate) controlled?
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Thyroid hormone (thyroxin)
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What is the source and effect of Calcitonin?
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from the thyroid gland
decreases blood calcium |
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What is the source and effect of parathyroid hormone?
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from the parathyroid glands
increases blood calcium |
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What does oxytocin do?
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breast milk secretion, uterine contractions
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What is TSH? Where is it released and what does it control?
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Thyroid stimulating hormone
Released by the anterior pituitary and controls the thyroid |
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How does the body raise blood glucose levels?
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Glucagon and cortisol
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Which hormone(s) initiate the development of secondary sex characteristics?
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Testosterone and Estrogen
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Which hormones are involved in the "fight or flight" response?
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epinephrine, norepinephrine
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Which hormone affects overall growth of body tissue?
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human growth hormone
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Which hormone affects BMR and growth?
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Thyroxine
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Which hormone increases blood glucose, is involved in immune response and is anti-inflammatory?
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Cortisol
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Which hormone causes the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?
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ACTH
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Which hormone causes the release of thyroxine?
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TSH
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Which hormone decreases water in urine output?
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ADH
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What is the endocrine system?
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endocrine glands and the hormones they release
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What are the glands of the Endocrine system?
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pituitary, pineal, thyroid, thymus, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals and gonads
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What is a cell with a hormone receptor called?
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target cell
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How do target cells regulate the amount of hormones that enters them?
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Up-regulation (adding more receptors to the cell surface)
Down-regulation (removing receptors) |
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What are four ways the body regulates the effects of hormones on the whole system?
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--Up-regulation/Down-regulation
--Direct stimulation by the nervous system --releasing or inhibiting factors --negative feedback |
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What and where is the PITUITARY GLAND?
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The "master gland," it controls the release of almost every other hormone. Found in the sphenoid bone (sella turcica) and is divided into anterior and posterior lobes
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Which hormones are produced in the ANTERIOR lobe of the pituitary?
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--GH
--Prolactin --ACTH --TSH --FSH --LH |
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Which hormones are found in the POSTERIOR lobe of the pituitary?
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--Oxytocin
--ADH |
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What controls the pituitary gland?
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the hypothalamus
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Where is the THYROID GLAND found?
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at the base of the Adam's apple
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What hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
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--Thyroid hormone: controls metabolism, growth and development
--Calcitonin: works to lower blood calcium by stimulating bone cells to take it in. (works in conjunction with parathyroid hormone) |
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What are the PARATHYROID GLANDS and what do they do?
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--tiny pairs of glands located beheind the thyroid gland
--secrete parathyroid hormone, which signals the breakdown of bone tissue and releases calcium into the blood |
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Where are the adrenal glands found?
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on top of the kidneys
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What hormones are produced by the INNER MEDULA area of the adrenal glands
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart and breathing rate, blood pressure and blood glucose, direct blood to the brain and skeletal muscles
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Which hormones trigger a short-term response to stress?
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What hormones are produced in the outer cortex of the adrenal glands?
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--aldosterone
--Cortisol --androgens and estrogens |
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What are the functions of the pancreas?
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It produces both hormones and digestive enzymes
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What hormones are produced by the pancreas?
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Insulin--decreases glucose in the bloodstream
Glucagon--increases glucose levels in the bloodstream |
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Where is melatonin produced?
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in the pineal gland
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Which hormone is responsible for our day-night cycle?
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Melatonin
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Where is the thymus gland found and what is its primary function?
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behind the sternum and over the heart
it is involved in immunity |
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Which hormone is produced in the thymus gland?
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Thymosin--responsible for the maturation of T-cells
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Which hormones are formed in the gonads?
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testosterone (in testes)
estrogen and progesterone (in ovaries) |
