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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are three areas of parent involvement in therapy?
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Parent Education (clinician provides information and explanations), Parent Counseling (clinician listens, eases concerns, shows understanding), Parent training (clinician shows and teaches how to interact with child) - All three are separate, but intersect.
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What is an example of parent education?
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point to resource information for stuttering. www.stutteringhelp.org
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What is an example of Parent Counseling?
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Don't want parents who are very anxious over stuttering; answer questions, counsel, give help
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What is an example of parent training
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Speaking slower in the household, lots of pauses, slowing down pace, limiting interuptions, giving child full attention
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What are two main methods to address stuttering in therapy
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Fluency Shaping and Stuttering modification
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What are the two broad areas that all techniques fall into?
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Fluency Shaping and stuttering modification
(historically specialists were divided, but more and more clinicians are combining the two ideas |
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What is the focus in fluency shaping? What are the main techniques?
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How to produce fluent speech - speaking at a slow rate is a hallmark of fluency shaping; gentle voice or easy onset (ease into a word)
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What is the focus in stuttering modification?
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On stuttered speech
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Why does speaking at a slow rate help?
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when a person slows down they have a lot of fluency -- when slow down enough, stuttering goes away and then you speed up and find a balance.
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Why does gentle voice or easy onset help?
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eases tenstion by being very aware when you start the sound
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How should you approach fluency shaping?
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Use a hierarchy - start with something easy (monosyllabic word is easier than conversation) - so when do slow and easy work it into spontaneous conversation; whisper to more normal voice
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Whisper to more normal voice is possibly just for the Easy Speaking program by Shine (1980); Stuttering Intervention by Pindzola (1987) very similar to Shine. |
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Slow speech is common theme. Why?
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Less tension; allows brain and everything else more time to react and formulate; react and plan (analogy of driving a car)
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What are the general objectives of the Illinois Treatment Program?
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provide parent and child with intensive exposure to slow speech; give practice to child in clinic and provide plenty of parent practice with slow speech; prepare both to carry over slow speech in the home
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with very young kids, getting parents to slow their speech is key -- not just when talking to the child, but at all times. Children model parents. |
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Speech motor training (Riley & Riley, 1999)
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based on premise that stuttering is improved with better speech motor control
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aims to increase rate, smoothness and accuracy of producing syllable sequences |
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ELU - Focus on fluency (Costello-Ingham)
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Applies reinforcement after fluency. Applies contingent "stop" after stuttering
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somewhat similar to Lidcombe Program; after stuttering tell them to stop. Objectives, speak 5 minutes at 50 syllables/minute without stuttering. Have to consider how it will transfer |
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Lidcombe program
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Direct Treatment
1) Young children (best 4-6) 2) parent delivers treatment - clinician trains parent to adminiuster daily (begin with 15 minutes per day or 2 ten minute sessions per day) 3)Behavioral feedback is the main technique 4)child must display unambigous stuttering 5) > 6 months since onset and > 6% syllables stuttered 6)Child with no cognitive.linguistic disorders 7)parents must not be uncomfortable or judgmental of stuttering 8) parents apply verbal contingencies right after a)stutter-free speech; b) stuttered speech 9) contingencies are applied intermittently (e.g. every 5th fluent utterence) |
Phrases for stutter free speech Praise - nice talking request self-eval - any bumpy words there? acknowledge fluency - that was smooth Brief but non-disruptive; last option should be used the most Contingencies for stuttered speech - acknowledge stuttering - "that was bumpy" request self correction - can you say it again smoothly combined acknowledgement and self-oorrecttion - that was bumpy - say it again and smooth it out |
