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Normal Sodium Level
135-145
Diagnoses that present with hypervolemic hyponatremia.
1. CHF
2. Hepatic Cirrhosis
3. Nephrotic syndrome
Factors leading to hypovolemic hyponatremia
Blood loss, GI fluid loss, Renal fluid loss, Skin fluid loss
Factors or disease processes that present with euvolemic hyponatremia
SIADH, Diurectics, Renal failure, cortisol deficiency, hypothyroidism, polydipsia, Beer potomania
Description of hypovolemic hyponatremia
state of deficient total body sodium content with or without hemodynamic insufficiency that stimulates ADH secretion
Description of hypervolemic hyponatremia
edematous state of excess total body sodium content, with or without hemodynamic deficiency that stimulates ADH secretion
Description of euvolemic hyponatremia
State of normal body sodium content, edema free and normal hemodynamic state with autonomic ADH secretion or reduced renal water formation
Lab findings for hypotonic hyponatremia
Serum NA less than 135 and serum osmolality less than 270
Lab findings for isotonic hyponatremia
Serum Na less than 135, serum osmolality 280-290
Lab findings for hypertonic hyponatremia
Serum Na less than 135, serum osmolality greater than 290
Type of hyponatremia that requires treatment directed at serum Na itself
hypotonic hyponatremia
Treatment for hyponatremia
fluid restriction, 3% NS to increase serum Na by 1 to 2 mEq/L/hour until serum Na rises by 12 to 15 or 120mEq, loop diuretic for hypervolemic state
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia
muscle cramps,tenderness and weakness, paralytic ileus, nausea,