Fluid & Electrolyte

Needed for nerve conduction, muscle function, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure.
Controls rate and force of contraction of the heart
Normal Levels: 3.5-5.1 mEq/L

Maintains osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and transmits nerve impulses
Normal Levels: 135-145 mEq/L

Dehydration

Fluid Overload
Overhydration

Needed for the process of bone formation, coagulation of blood, excitation of cardiac and skeletal muscle, maintenance of muscle tone, conduction, of neuromuscular impulses, and synthesis and regulation of the endocrine and exocrine glands
Normal Levels: 8.6-10 mg/dL

Needed for the generation of bony tissue
Functions in the metabolism of glucose and lipids in the maintenance of acid-base balance, and in the storage and transfer of energy.
Inverse relationship with calcium
Normal Levels: 2.7-4.5 mg/dL

Concentrated in the bone, cartilage and within the cell that is required for the use of ATP. Regulates neuromuscular activity and the clotting mechanism
Normal Levels: 1.6-2.6 mg/dL

molecules that split into electrically charged atoms or ions when dissolved in a substance

Extracellular
Interstitial Fluids
Intracellular
Intravascular

Fluid that is between the cells and the blood vessels

accumulation and sequestrations of trapped extracellular fluid in a body space as a result of disease or injury

An excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces
Occurs as a result of traumatic injury from accidents or surgery, local inflammation processes, or burns

An accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space throughout the body as a result of cardiac, renal, or liver failure

Provides transportation of nutrients to the cells and carries waste products from cells
60% of Body Weight; 10-20% loss of body fluid results range from serious to fatal

Water

Skin
Lungs
Feces
Urine

Ion moves through the membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Hydrogen
Some Sugars
Amino Acids

a solution contains a lower concentration of salt or solute than other solutions

Solutions on both sides of the selective permeable membrane are equal in concentration

a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution

the movement of particles in all directions
Spreads molecules from and an area of high to low concentration

the force that draws the water from a less concentrated solution through a selectively permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution

Water is able to move across the membrane

Hypotonic

Isotonic

Isotonic

Isotonic

Hypertonic

Hypertonic

Hypertonic

the extracellular fluid will contain fewer electrolytes or less solute than the intracellular fluid