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11 Cards in this Set
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By percentage, how is the body's fluid distributed into the different compartment? There are 3 main classifications from out lecture.
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ICF - Around 63%
ECF - Around 37% total -Intravascular Fluid - 7.5% -Interstitial Fluid - 17.5% -Transcellular Fluid - 12% |
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List the electrolyte contents of the ECF and ICF in order from highest concentration to lowest.
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ECF - Primarily Na+ and Cl-, followed by scant amounts of HCO3-, K+, Ca++, PO4-, Mg++, SO4-
ICF - Primarily, K+, PO4-, Mg++, followed by scant amounts of Na+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4-, Ca++ |
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What is the difference between osmolarity and olmolality?
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Osmolarity - Force that draws fluid (usually water) from the side of less solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration.
Osmolality - A measure of a solution's ability to create osmotic pressure and affect the movement of water. # of particles per kg of water. Used to evaluate urine and serum. ECF osmolality is determined by N+. |
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What are some of the common tests that use osmolality and what are the ranges?
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Serum is usually 280-300 mOsm/kg. This can be estimated by doubling plasma Na+.
Urine - 50-1400 - A measure of the kidney's ability to excrete or conserve water. |
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What is a BUN? When is it increased and when is it decreased?
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- Blood, Urea, and Nitrogen - Made up of urea, the end product of protein metabolism.
Normal - 10-20 mg/dL Increased - GI Bleeding, Dehydration, Increased Protein Intake, Fever, Sepsis Decreased - Starvation, End-Stage Liver Disease, Low Protein Diet, Expanded Fluid Volume (like pregnancy) |
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What is Creatinine?
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It is the end product of muscle metabolism and is a better indicator of renal function.
Normal - 0.7-1.5 mg/dL Can be increased in glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, urinary tract obstruction, reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Doesn't usually decrease; not typically a problem if it does |
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What is an Hct? What are the normal values and what can affect it?
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Hct - The % of RBCs in the blood
Norm - M 44-52%, F 39-47% Decreased - Anemia from low iron, mineral or vitamin deficiency, or other reasons; recent bleeding, cirrhosis, or malignancies Increased - Usually dehydration; polycythemia vera that can come from the bone marrow trying to make up for respiratory deficiencies |
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What electrolytes are transported by active transport?
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K+, Na+, Mg+, Ca++, some sugars and some amino acids
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What is Filtration?
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Movement of fluid through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure
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What are the pressures like at the end of venous or arterial capillaries?
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Arterial - Blood Pressure 40 mm Hg
Osmotic Pressure 25 mm Hg Venous - Blood Pressure 10 mm Hg Osmotic Pressure 25 mm Hg (Blood Pressure = Hydrostatic Pressure in Filtration) |
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What is Third Spacing?
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Large quantities of fluid from the intravascular compartment shift into the interstitial space; is inaccessible to the body
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