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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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'Commonly the first enzyme in a pathway or branch of a pathway'
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Regulatory enzyme
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An enzyme in a biochemical pathway which, through its responses to the presence of certain other biomolecules, regulates the pathway's activity
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Regulatory enzyme
1133220311 |
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What are the two types of regulatory enzymes?
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Allosteric enzymes and covalently modulated enzymes
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This type of enzyme is commonly 'unidirectional' reaction (i.e. not reversible under physiological conditions)
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Regulatory enzyme
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What are the two main mechanisms of metabolic control of enzymes?
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Intracellular and intercellular mechanisms (look at lecture notes)
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What is an 'endocrine agent'?
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(hormones) that circulate throughout the body
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(Hormones) That circulate throughout the body are known collectively as _________ agents
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Endocrine agents
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What is a 'paracrine agent'?
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Agents that act on nearby cells
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Agents that act on nearby cells are collectively known as _________ agents.
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Paracrine agents
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Agents that act only on an adjacent cell (e.g. neurotransmitters) are known collectively as __________ agents.
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Juxtacrine agents
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What is a 'juxtacrine agent'?
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Agents that act only on an adjacent cell (e.g. neurotransmitters)
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Give an example of a juxtacrine agent
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Neurotransmitters
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What is an 'autocrine agent'?
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Agents that act on the cell that secreted them.
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Agents that act on the cell that secreted them are collectively known as _________ agents.
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Autocrine agents
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Serotonin synthesis is controlled by availability of tryptophan T/F
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T
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Give an example of enzyme control by substrate availability
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Glucokinase and hexokinase in liver
• tryptophan hydroxylase - serotonin synthesis is controlled by availability of tryptophan • release of nefa from adipose tissue in fasting state increases the rate at which liver oxidises fatty acids • supply of amino acids from proteolysis in fasting state provides substrates for gluconeogenesis |
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'Non-covalent binding of effector to regulatory site changing conformation of active site' is an example of __________ modification of enzyme activity.
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Allosteric
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Enzymes that change their conformation (shape) upon binding of an effector
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Allosteric enzymes
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__________ enzymes have multiple active sites and show cooperative ( affinity for its ligand changes with the amount of ligand already bound) binding
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Allosteric
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What is an 'allosteric site'?
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A site on the enzyme, other than the active site
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A site on the enzyme, other than the active site
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Allosteric site
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Regulation of an enzyme or other protein by binding an effector molecule at the protein's allosteric site (that is, a site other than the protein's active site).
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Allosteric regulation
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An example of a allosteric control of a regulatory enzyme: ___________________, the key regulatory
enzyme of glycolysis |
Phosphofructokinase
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Intracellular mechanisms of metabolic control are instantaneous T/F
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T
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Intracellular mechanisms of metabolic control tend to include hormones T/F
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F - Intercellular mechanisms of metabolic control tend to include hormones
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