FSOT - Amendments

Powers of states and people. Anything not in the constitution is left to the states.

Generally, a state is immune from suit by an individual. However, a state can consent to be sued, or Congress can abrogate a state's immunity, as long as it is within Congress' authority to do so (i.e. constitutional authority).

(1795): Clarifies judicial power over foreign nationals, and limits ability of citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law.

(1804): Changes the method of presidential elections so that members of the electoral college cast separate ballots for president and vice president.

(1865): Abolishes slavery and grants Congress power to enforce abolition.

(1868): Defines United States citizenship; prohibits states from abridging citizens' privileges or immunities and right to due process and the equal protection of the law; repeals the three-fifths compromise.

(1870): Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's race, color, or previous status as a slave as a qualification for voting.

(1913): Authorizes unapportioned federal taxes on income.

(1913): Establishes direct election of senators.

(1919): Prohibited the manufacturing, importing, and exporting of beverage alcohol. Repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment.

An American piece of legislation that guaranteed certain rights to people with disabilities.

(1920): Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's sex as a qualification for voting.

Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and to petition the government.

(1933): Changes details of Congressional and presidential terms and of presidential succession. (lame duck ammendment)

(1933): Repeals Eighteenth Amendment but permits states to retain prohibition and ban the importation of alcohol.

(1951): Limits president to two terms.

(1961): Grants presidential electors to the District of Columbia.

(1964): Prohibits the federal government and the states from requiring the payment of a tax as a qualification for voting for federal officials. (poll taxes)

(1967): Changes details of presidential succession, provides for temporary removal of president, and provides for replacement of the vice president.

(1971): Prohibits the federal government and the states from using an age greater than 18 as a qualification to vote.

(1992): Limits congressional pay raises. Was one of original 12 bill of rights.

Right to keep and bear arms.

Protection from quartering of troops.

Protection from unreasonable search and seizure.

Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, private property.

Trial by jury, speedy trial, and other rights of the accused.

Civil trial by jury.

Prohibition of excessive bail, as well as cruel or unusual punishment.

Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the Bill of Rights.